This was claimed after he was killed during a poker game on Aug. 2, 1876. From William Alonzo and Polly Butler's marriage, they welcomed six children in total, and HIckon is the fourth among them all. And though it is difficult to picture her in the domestic arena, Jane was also a mother. Jane had been hired to travel with Kohl & Middleton Dime Museums; as she purchased her ticket out of town she told railroad agent A.O. [21] Hickok subsequently visited McCanles' widow, apologized for the killing, and offered her $35 in restitution, all the money he had with him at the time. In 1869 Hickok became sheriff of Hays City, Kansas, where he killed several men in shootouts. He later became a lawman before settling down in Deadwood, South Dakota where he would soon meet his death. Hickoks family emigrated from England in 1635 to Massachusetts, where his great-grandfather responded to the British march on Lexington and Concord at the beginning of the American Revolution. Hickok ran as an Independent; but lost to his deputy, Peter Lanihan, who ran as a Democrat. Hickok was severely injured, with a crushed chest, shoulder, and arm. Tutt reached for his pistol but Hickok was the first to draw his weapon, and shot Tutt instantly, from approximately 75 yards. Wild Bill Hickok was one of the early "Heroes of the West." He had built a reputation as an extraordinary gunfighter with a sense of fairness and justice. Visit our corporate site. She claims to have known James Hickok, known as "Wild Bill" Hickok, and she is thought to have traveled with him for several years. Six months later Jane visited friends in Deadwood, stating Jessie had married and was living in North Dakota with two children. "Dead man's hand" was an established poker. Wild Bill Hickok certainly was: The man born in 1837 to William Alonso and Polly Butler Hickok found his superpower, expert marksmanship, at a young age, and went on to have all sorts of adventures. Wild Bill Hickok, byname of James Butler Hickok, (born May 27, 1837, Homer [now Troy Grove], Illinois, U.S.died August 2, 1876, Deadwood, Dakota Territory [now in South Dakota, U.S.]), American frontiersman, army scout, and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. Only station employees were allowed to testify at the trial (testimony by McCanless son was barred), and the verdict was that the men had acted in self-defense. Military records after 1865 list him as Hickok, but note that he was also known as Haycock. They had ivory grips and nickel plating, and were ornately engraved with "J.B. Hickok1869" on the backstrap. Hickok moved west in 1855 to farm and joined General James Lane's Free State. [7], In 1873, Buffalo Bill Cody and Texas Jack Omohundro invited Hickok to join their troupe after their earlier success. This angered the buffalo and panicked audience members, causing the animals to break free of their wire fencing and chase audience members, some of whom were trampled. On August 2, 1876, Wild Bill Hickok died a sudden, violent death while gambling in a saloon in Deadwood, South Dakota. Why were some shotguns called Greeners by cowboys in the Old West. Hickok is currently interred in a 10ft (3m) square plot at the Mount Moriah Cemetery, surrounded by a cast-iron fence, with a U.S. flag flying nearby. Bath They traveled to Deadwood, South Dakota, together and were acquaintances, but there is no evidence of a romance (especially on his part). Hickok never fought in another gun battle. Even in death Hickok's legend grew. There, again, he killed several men, including his deputy marshal, whose deaththe result of an accidental shootingled to Hickoks dismissal. shot Tutt to prevent the threatened impending injury [then] the jury will acquit.". "Gunfighters of the Real West: Wild Bill Hickok. I heard him speak recently, and his is the definitive work on this wild woman of the West. Hickok was bedridden for months before he went to southern Nebraska in the summer of 1861 to work at the Pony Express station at Rock Creek. After in inquest where other incidents of Hickoks brand of frontier justice was revealed, he was relieved of his duties. The 10th Regiment arrived at Fort Lyon in Colorado in October and remained there for the rest of 1868. On September 4, Hickok was wounded in the foot while rescuing several cattlemen in the Bijou Creek basin who had been surrounded by Indians. Di Certo is the author of ten books and composer of three albums of children's songs. Upon Hickoks arrival, she told him that a Confederate gang led by McCanles was pursuing him, and almost immediately they were set upon by the Confederates. His father was said to have used the family house, now demolished, as a station on the Underground Railroad. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. A later film (1953) and subsequent stage musical, both titled Calamity Jane, also portray a romance between Calamity Jane and Hickok. By the age of 17, he was an excellent marksman. Hickok moved west in 1855 to farm and joined General James Lane's Free State (antislavery) forces in Kansas. McCall was found guilty and sentenced to death. Hickok remained in Hays through August 1868, when he brought 200 Cheyenne Indians to Hays to be viewed by "excursionists". He reported returning with five prisoners after killing 10. Author McClaird theorised that Jessie, who had no birth certificate, said what she had to in order to receive financial assistance at her last residence in California. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [h], McCall's motive for killing Hickok is the subject of speculation, largely concerning McCall's anger at Hickok's having given him money for breakfast the day before, after McCall had lost heavily. Hickok ordered him to be arrested for firing a pistol within the city limits. Personal account of the foreman of the Overland Stage Company stations, as given to, Judge Boyd told the jury, "The defendant cannot set up justification that he acted in self-defense if he was willing to engage in a fight with the deceased. Doc Holliday did have a bad cough, as suggested in this episode, from his tuberculosis. "J.B. Hickok, Deputy U.S. Keith Bell Manchester, United Kingdom Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill Hickok. [f], The regular county election was held on November 2, 1869. Although the show brought Hickok some much-needed income, he was unhappy, began drinking heavily, and returned to the West in March 1874. Hickok left his new bride a few months later, joining Charlie Utter's wagon train to seek his fortune in the gold fields of South Dakota. Take that!" Despite his reputation,[70] Hickok was buried in the Ingelside Cemetery, Deadwood's original graveyard. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. Hickok saved Cody from getting beaten by another man and the two became longtime pals. She has been labeled a scout, freighter, and gambler, a drunken dance hall queen and prostitute. Im glad shes come [home from school] while youre here, Jane told Fox, fer I want you to see her. "Wild Bill's Sweetheart: The Life of Mary Jane Owens. By 1942 Jessie had changed her story, perhaps at McCormicks urging. [74] He wore his revolvers butt-forward in a belt or sash (when wearing city clothes or buckskins, respectively), and seldom used holsters; he drew the pistols using a "reverse", "twist", or cavalry draw, as would a cavalryman. Macintosh of irregularities and misconduct during the election. Quay House, The Ambury, The new trial was held in Yankton, the capital of the Dakota Territory. Famous Cowgirls. Col. George Armstrong Custer. Bonhams auction company offered this pistol at auction on November 18, 2013, in San Francisco, California,[75] described as Hickok's Smith & Wesson No. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. After shooting Coe, Hickok caught a glimpse of someone running toward him and quickly fired two more shots in reaction, accidentally shooting and killing Abilene Special Deputy Marshal Mike Williams, who was coming to his aid. [19] According to Hickok's account, he found the road blocked by a cinnamon bear and its two cubs. Red objects generally appear black in early photographs, as the photographic processes were insensitive to red light. We drove on to Beatrice and at the trial, his plea was self-defense; no one appeared against him, and he was cleared. Jesse James suffered from it. Not wasting a second, he quietly drew his revolver and shot Hickok in the back of the head, instantly killing him. A classmate later remembered the children teasing Jessie about her mother, throwing stones at her while shouting, Calamity Jane! He worked as a technical writer on the Atlas, Minuteman, and Titan missile-launching systems, as well as Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. All rights reserved. Trachoma is often associated with poverty and poor hygiene that allows the bacteria to infect and re-infect eyes; if left untreated, it can cause blindness. Hickok was of English ancestry. [81], Hickok's birthplace is now the Wild Bill Hickok Memorial and is a listed historic site under the supervision of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Did Wild Bill Hickok have a child? Last, there is Jessiethe most credible of Calamity Janes daughters. During the next several years he appeared in Buffalo Bill Codys Wild West Show, living off his fame as the consummate gunfighter. Jane claimed that James Butler Hickok was the father of her child Jean . Astrological Sign: Gemini, Death Year: 1876, Death date: August 2, 1876, Death State: South Dakota, Death City: Deadwood, Death Country: United States, Article Title: Wild Bill Hickok Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/personality/wild-bill-hickok, Publisher: A&E Television Networks, Last Updated: July 28, 2020, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. Not having the courage to do it himself, he one day filled about 200 cowboys with whiskey intending to get them into trouble with Wild Bill, hoping that they would get to shooting and in the melee shoot the marshal. John McCall ( / mkl / ); (1852/1853 - March 1, 1877), also known as " Crooked Nose " or " Broken Nose Jack ", was the murderer of Old West legend Wild Bill Hickok. August marks of the deaths of two of the Wild West's most famous figures: Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane. He became a deputy U.S. marshal, and on March 28, 1868, he picked up 11 Union Army deserters who had been charged with stealing government property. [9], Hickok used his late father's name, William Hickok, from 1858, and the name William Haycock during the American Civil War. A monument has been built there. Her friends held a fundraiser for her and the benefit proved a howling successuntil Jane began treating her generous friends to drinks. He wanted me to go with him, and as we started on our way, imagine my surprise and uncomfortable feeling when he announced his intention of stopping at the McCanles home. The. Not a word was uttered. Within a month of the birth, newspapers tracked her to a hurdy-gurdy house in Livingston. In fact, William Hickok (senior) was so opposed to slavery that it's been reported that the Hickok house was a station for the Underground Railroad, where black slaves stopped for refuge on their journey north to freedom. During the Civil War he found employment as a teamster and spy for the Union Army. Unsurprisingly, the two gunslingers found much to relate to in . He is chiefly portrayed as a protagonist, although historical accounts of his actions are often controversial, and much of his career is known to have been exaggerated both by himself and by contemporary mythmakers. Many people knew that Jane had a "crush" on Hickok but few, if any, knew that they were married. Children: Possibly two daughters; . McCormick had a lot of written proof too, which was largely believed by those who met her. For confirmation that Hickok was employed as a U.S. Army scout fighting Indians in Kansas in the summer of 1867, see Ames, George Augustus, Russell, Majors and Waddell freight company, List of cultural depictions of Wild Bill Hickok, "How many men did Wild Bill Hickok actually kill? 1. Mulvey angrily declared that he had come to town to kill Hickok. [73], Hickok's favorite guns were a pair of Colt 1851 Navy Model (.36 caliber) cap-and-ball revolvers. By Jan MacKell Collins. [12], While in Nebraska, Hickok was derisively referred to by one man as "Duck Bill" for his long nose and protruding lips. The first major description of the incident appeared in Harpers New Monthly Magazine in February 1867, six years after the fact, written by Col. George Ward Nichols, who claimed to have been told the story by Hickok in 1865. In 1876, Hickok was shot and killed while playing poker in a saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory (present-day South Dakota) by Jack McCall, an unsuccessful gambler. James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 - August 2, 1876), also known as "Wild Bill" Hickok was a legendary figure in the old west. Two 7th Cavalry troopers jump, Most people have heard of Calamity Jane, once promoted as The Famous Woman Scout of. Prairie Schooners is a 1940 American Western film directed by Sam Nelson, which stars Wild Bill Elliott as Hickok. [13][14] He was also known before 1861 among Jayhawkers as "Shanghai Bill" because of his height and slim build. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1977). Charlie Utter, Hickok's friend and companion, claimed Hickok's body and placed a notice in the local newspaper, the Black Hills Pioneer, which read: Died in Deadwood, Black Hills, August 2, 1876, from the effects of a pistol shot, J. [citation needed], Buffalo Bill claimed that he encountered Hickok disguised as a Confederate officer in Missouri in 1864. . No other woman in the American west possesses a more enigmatic legacy than Martha Calamity Jane Canary. While a Jayhawker, he met 12-year-old William Cody (later known as "Buffalo Bill"), who, despite his youth, served as a scout just two years later for the U.S. Army during the Utah War. In 1859, he joined the Russell, Majors and Waddell freight company, the parent company of the Pony Express. I will be. Hickok accused a J.V. Omissions? "[27], While in Springfield, Hickok and a local gambler named Davis Tutt had several disagreements over unpaid gambling debts and their common affection for the same women. In July 1865, "Wild Bill" Hickok shot and killed Davis Tutt in Springeld, MOthe rst quick-draw duel on the frontier. As vile a character as I ever met for some cause Wild Bill incurred Coe's hatred and he vowed to secure the death of the marshal. In July, Hickok told a newspaper reporter that he had led several soldiers in pursuit of Indians who had killed four men near the fort on July 2. [9], In 1865, Hickok recruited six Native Americans and three cowboys to accompany him to Niagara Falls, where he put on an outdoor demonstration called The Daring Buffalo Chasers of the Plains. The old cemetery was in an area that was better suited for the constant influx of new settlers to live on, so the remaining bodies there were eventually also moved up the hill to the Mount Moriah Cemetery (in the 1880s). Hickok then tried acting in Wild West shows, which were growing in popularity. Jessie and Jane were back together when they arrived in Billings, Montana in 1898. Hickok encouraged McCall to quit the game until he could cover his losses and offered to give him money for breakfast. Entdecke Bill O'Reilly's Legends and Lies: The Real West - Hardcover - GOOD in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! [38], On September 1, 1868, Hickok was in Lincoln County, Kansas, where he was hired as a scout by the 10th Cavalry Regiment, a segregated African-American unit. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. But although there was an uncanny resemblance between the two, plus stories of Jane visiting the child, Shadley lacked any documentation to back up her claim. This was the last time Hickok was ever involved in a gunfight; the accidental death of Deputy Williams was an event that haunted Hickok for the remainder of his life. [24], In late 1863, Hickok worked for the provost marshal of southwest Missouri as a member of the Springfield detective police. Wikimedia Commons Advertisement 11. She was Maude Weir, born in 1881. He was involved in several notable shootouts during the course of his life. Hickok said he had "tried to restore order". He fought against slavery with General James Lane in Kansas, and operated as a constable in Johnson County. On October 5, 1871, Hickok was standing off a crowd during a street brawl when Coe fired two shots. In the melee, Hickok caught a glimpse of someone moving towards him and responded with two shots killing his deputy Mike Williams. Both of his parents loved each other very much and always remained together. In 1899, Dorsett took Jessie to live with his mother in Lewiston. The story continued that McCanles invaded the Wellmans cabin and prepared to shoot Hickok, who acted faster and shot McCanles in the chest. For more on American historysubscribe to All About History for as little as 26. Burke she had enrolled Jessie in the school. A semifictionalized version of Hickok's time as marshal of Abilene Kansas, titled Hickok (2017), stars Luke Hemsworth as Hickok, Trace Adkins as the Bull's Head Saloon keeper Phil Coe, Kris Kristofferson as Abilene mayor George Knox, and Kaiwi Lyman-Mersereau as John Wesley Hardin. 2, serial number 29963, a .32 rimfire with a six-inch barrel, blued finish, and varnished rosewood grips. At the time, shooting stray dogs within city limits was legal, and a 50-cent bounty was paid by the city for each one shot. As the scene unfolded, McCanles entered the station, and, from behind the curtain that divided it in two, either Hickok or Wellman shot McCanles. One story claimed he killed a bear with his bare hands and a bowie knife. James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 August 2, 1876), better known as "Wild Bill" Hickok, was a folk hero of the American Old West known for his life on the frontier as a soldier, scout, lawman, cattle rustler, gunslinger, gambler, showman, and actor, and for his involvement in many famous gunfights. During this period Hickok prevented a man from beating an 11-year-old boy, who grew up to become Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickoks longtime friend. Still, feeling he had escaped punishment, McCall began to brag to anyone that would listen that he had killed Wild Bill Hickok. McCanles reportedly threatened Wellman, and either Wellman or Hickok, who was hiding behind a curtain, killed McCanles. The first was Bill Mulvey, who was rampaging through town, drunk, shooting out mirrors and whisky bottles behind bars. [67], After bragging about killing Hickok, McCall was rearrested. Most newspapers referred to him as William Haycock until 1869. There the familys small farm served as a stop on the Underground Railroad. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Witnesses confirm that the story was true to the extent the party had set out to find whoever had killed the four men,[e] but the group returned to the fort "without nary a dead Indian, [never] even seeing a live one". The author of ten books and composer of three albums of children 's songs, the. In 1899, Dorsett took Jessie to live with his mother in Lewiston History... That would listen that he had escaped punishment, McCall was rearrested scout of objects. And gambler, a drunken dance hall queen and prostitute generally appear black early... Varnished rosewood grips Wild West shows, which was largely believed by those met... Billings, Montana in 1898 McCanles invaded the Wellmans cabin and prepared to shoot Hickok, U.S.... Newspapers referred to him as William Haycock until 1869 in 1873, Buffalo Bill Codys Wild shows. 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