Using the pen as a precaution will not harm you and could save your life. They can prevent spoilage and preserve foods -- and certain beverages -- by preventing the growth of mold and bacteria, for example. They can stop fruits, vegetables, and seafood from discoloring. They can maintain the strength of common medications -- including some asthma drugs. Sulfites may be added to foods and beverages such as: There are six names used for sulfites: sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, and potassium metabisulfite. Sulfites occur during the winemaking process naturally, for example, but winemakers and food companies also add them to their products to ensure preservation. However, epinephrine injections haven't been shown to cause allergic reactions in people with a sulfite allergy. 2003;349:16281635. In the human body, it is one of the most abundant elements and has several important functions. This includes, sometimes especially, those containing sulfur, sulfites, and sulfide minerals. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. Theyre also used as a preservative in other foods. Beyond that, Manaker adds that dried fruits, sauerkraut, maraschino cherries, and white grape juice are examples of foods and drinks that should be avoided when trying to stay away from sulfites. There is no clinical evidence of cross-allergy between sulfonamide antimicrobials and sulfonamide non-antimicrobials, or documented evidence of cross-allergy between sulfonamide antimicrobials and Chinese herbs. They can't be used on fresh produce, but you may run into unlabeled sulfite-containing foods. Sulfite can be a natural byproduct that occurs during the fermentation process and fights yeast and bacteria. Their action is to inhibit bacterial growth. Most people realize they are sensitive to a sulfur-containing compound after they experience symptoms. A small amount of sodium does get into cell interiors, but this represents only about ten percent of the body content. Sulfur dioxide. If you have a severe allergic reaction and don't know why, get immediate medical help. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Theyre still used today in antibiotics and other medications, like diuretics and anticonvulsants. Studies are indicating that they can have a substantial impact on gut bacteria. Such allergic reactions can be mild or life-threatening, so its important to know whether you have these kinds of sensitivities and what to avoid if you do. All Rights Reserved. Sulfite Allergy Overview and Foods to Avoid. Most of what Ive found on this goes back to one of two things: a homozygous (two bad copies) genetic mutation in an enzyme called CBS (Cystathionine beta-synthase), and heavy metal toxicity. Sulfites in potatoes are a big concern. Clin Exp Allergy. Manage Settings [10] Wolke, RL. There have been reports of lung cancer among workers exposure to sulfur dioxide as well. These people already have too much sulfur floating around; therefore, any food or supplement that adds to the pathway only worsens symptoms. [8] Vally H, Misso NL. [1] Macy E, Ho NJ. In severe cases, a person. Liposomal glutathione supplements can help both MTHFR and support liver detoxification. An increase in reactions led the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1986 to ban them in fresh foods, particularly on fresh lettuce in salad bars. Its not recommended to consume it unless under the care of a doctor. Sulfites are commonly found in packaged foods and wines, whereas sulfa is found in medicines (particularly antibiotics) and supplements. Sulfites are chemicals that are in some foods, either naturally or as additives. WebThorne's Molybdenum Glycinate is a highly absorbable form of molybdenum. Sulfites are sulfur-based preservatives that are used to prevent or reduce discoloration of light-colored fruits and vegetables, prevent black spots on shrimp and lobster, inhibit the growth of microorganisms in fermented foods such as wine, condition dough, and maintain the stability and potency of certain medications. Cysteine can then get incorporated back into glutathione. These enzymes are involved with carbohydrate metabolism, fat oxidation and urine metabolism. Potassium is a cofactor in many reactions, especially those involving energy production and muscle building. Check for these sulfite-containing ingredients on the label of your food, beverage or medication: Sulfur dioxide. Adverse reactions to sulfites can occur when they are ingested in foods and pharmaceutical products. If you did develop an allergy to selenium sulfide, you may experience skin irritation, oily or dry hair, hair loss, and dry skin. The CBS enzyme catalyzes (or drives) the recycling of sulfur containing compounds to get used for other things, releasing ammonia as a byproduct. The first is where the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme, which helps degrade stimulatory compounds such as dopamine and adrenaline, does not work properly and lets these compounds accumulate in the nervous system. Use a non-sulfite-containing inhaler or injectable epinephrine if necessary. Likelihood and mechanisms of cross-allergenicity between sulfonamide antibiotics and other drugs containing a sulfonamide functional group. Sulfite, or sulfur dioxide, has anti-microbial properties. Hypersensitivity reactions include hives, dyspnea, and in severe cases, anaphylactic shock. That includes intravenous (IV) drugs and inhaled medications. On a food ingredient label, look out for sulfite types like sulfur dioxide, potassium bisulfite, potassium metabisulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite and sodium sulfite. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Americans get Do you suffer from premenstrual syndrome (PMS), irregular periods, infertility or menopause? Your doctor can tell if you have a sulfite allergy with a test called a controlled sulfite challenge. Sulfate allergies are rare. Only in rare cases do skin allergy tests for sulfide minerals come up as positive. First of all, if you suspect you are sensitive to sulfide minerals, sulfa drugs, and sulfur in general, you can try a sulfur elimination protocol to find out. For the past two decades, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has required winemakers to display the warning contains sulfites if levels exceed a certain threshold. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. As with any changes in medications and supplementation, you should be supervised by a medical professional. . In fact, sulfite sensitivity is estimated to affect only about 1 percent of the Other people have severe reactions to sulfite-containing medications. Chinese herbs that may be treated with sulfite include: Bai Guo (Semen Ginkgo), Bai He (Bulbus Lilii), Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae Lobatae), Gou Qi Zi (Fructus Lycii), Ren Shen (Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng), Shan Yao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae), Yu Zhu (Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati). Other markers that might suggest this include elevated taurine (usually you have to run a full amino acid panel to get this result), or low homocysteine (less than 6). Anaphylaxis requires emergency medical attention. Sulfides, on the other hand, do not contain carbon. Products that contain more than 10 ppm of sulfite require disclosure on the label, according to the US FDA. Reports show that sulfite exposure can induce a range of sulfite allergy symptoms, including: Exposures that can cause allergy symptoms include consuming sulfites in foods and drinks, taking pharmaceutical products made with these additives, and exposure through occupational settings. The confusion between Sulfates, Sulfites and Sulfa drugs . U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Protein, one of the three types of macronutrients (the other two being carbohydrates and fat) is made up of twenty building blocks called amino acids. Sulfites, including bisulfite, metabisulfite, and sulfur dioxide, are widely present in foods, dietary supplements, drugs and cosmetic products. They are also found in cosmetic and industrial products. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. Food allergy: a practice parameter update-2014.J Allergy Clin Immunol. Sulfites give off the gas sulfur dioxide, which can cause irritation in the lungs and cause a severe asthma attack for those who suffer from asthma. Any substance that causes an allergic reaction or asthma attack can exacerbate your COPD symptoms. Inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane. In people with asthma who have a sensitivity to sulfites, using an asthma inhaler may help with symptoms affecting breathing. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. It's trickier in restaurants, though. A CBS mutation can make you sensitive to foods and beverages that contain sulfur. The chemical processes of living cells in which energy is produced in order to replace and repair tissues and maintain a healthy body. Symptoms of too much ammonia include confusion, fatigue, weakness, poor appetite, nausea, and back or abdominal pain. American Medical Association, Essential Guide to Asthma, 1998. Sulfur sensitivity looks a lot like a histamine reaction. By Daniel More, MD In addition, sulfates, again, are different from sulfonamide antimicrobials as well as sulfites and do not cause allergic or sensitivity reactions. Sulfites can also be used to bleach food starches, to prevent rust and scale in boiler water that is used to steam food and even in the production of cellophane for food packaging. Though 3 to 4% of patients claim to allergic to sulfa drugs, only 3% of these patients have a true allergy to sulfonamide antimicrobials. Examples of foods that may contain sulfites include: Baked goods Soup mixes Jams Canned vegetables Pickled foods Gravies Dried fruit Potato chips Trail mix Foods with sulfite levels greater than 100 parts per million (ppm) are considered very high in sulfates. N Engl J Med. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.05.013. For example, the digestive enzyme amylase acts on carbohydrates in foods to break them down. Considerations for the diagnosis and management of sulphite sensitivity.Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. It helps regulate iron stores in the body and is a key component of at least three enzymes: xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase and sulfite oxidase. Two of those amino acids contain the atom sulfur in their structures: methionine and cysteine. Make these tweaks to your diet, home, and lifestyle. You can also supplement with liquid chlorophyll. The adult body averages a total content of over 100 grams of sodium, of which a surprising one-third is in bone. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186629. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. An alternative is to start with liposomal glutathione. Jurairat J. Molina, MD, MBA is a board-certified allergist who has been practicing in field of allergy and clinical immunology for the past two decades.. When you eat out, ask the waiter or waitress whether the food you're ordering contains sulfites. Responses vary; sulfites can also cause chest tightness, nausea, hives, or even anaphylactic shock. If this occurs, the entire body reacts severely to the allergen. You cant completely avoid it. The second affects the cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) enzyme responsible for removing excess sulfur-containing amino acids from the system and converting homocysteine into cystathionine. If you have a sulfa allergy and are unsure if you should take any of these medications, talk with your doctor. Sodium is also involved in nerve impulse transmission, muscle tone and nutrient transport. 3 percent to 10 percent of people with asthma have a sulfite sensitivity, with steroid-dependent asthmatics and chronic asthmatic children at the greatest risk. The airways can swell shut, making it difficult to breathe. This would cease once you stopped using the product containing it for a while. Sulfite oxidase catalyzes the last step (sulfites to sulfates) in the breakdown of sulfur amino acids. Very strongly or absolutely counter-indicative. Sulfites, bisulfites and metabisulfites are all dry chemical forms of the gas, sulfur dioxide. Half of the participants received 200 mg of quercetin and the What percentage of asthma patients have sulfite sensitivity? Again, its best not to make any changes without proper medical guidance if you have conditions like AFS, sulfide minerals sensitivity, or the MTHFR mutation. In one study the oxidative action of vitamin B12 was able to block a sulfite-induced bronchospasm in 4 out of 5 asthmatic children. Then follow up with your primary healthcare provider. 2012;108:88-93. 2012;5(1):1623. When there is chronic stress, whether physical or mental/emotional, the adrenal glands first begin to increase their output of cortisol to meet this growing demand. The other proposed mechanisms are a cholinergic reflex response to inhaled sulfur dioxide and IgE mediated delayed hypersensitivity. A Revealing Look Into Sensitivities to Sulfur and Sulfide Some of the common foods high in sulfur include: From a nutritional standpoint, the primary reason we care about sulfur is because three of the livers Phase II Detoxification processes (rendering a toxic molecule less harmful) require sulfur. If you have asthma -- and sulfites cause an allergic reaction -- you need to be very careful to avoid them. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. You need sulfur. These are not usually After a glass of red wine or handful of dried fruit, do you notice flushing, abdominal pain or airway constriction? They all work together to deal with stress. Genetic mutations can create problems for MTHFR function. Allergies to sulfonamides, also known as sulfa drugs, are common. Sulfites are chemical compounds that have antimicrobial and color-preserving properties. Cortisol is the bodys main anti-stress hormone, and it has important functions such as reducing inflammation, suppressing the immune system, maintaining the heart and blood vessels, and regulating blood pressure. Enter your information and start moving toward a career you love! Zinc, Magnesium, Iron, and Molybdenum are the other nutrients that are required for the enzyme pathway that processes sulfites. If you have a sulfite allergy, you're advised to avoid these foods: Dried potatoes Fruit toppings 3 Gravies/sauces Maraschino cherries Wine vinegar Between 10 Chemicals, such as sulfite preservatives in wine, may be the cause of these attacks. Sulfites in the urine are indicative of molybdenum need. Sulfa (sulfonamide antimicrobials and sulfonamide non-antimicrobials), Sulfa drugs refers primarily to sulfonamide antimicrobials, such as sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfafurazole, and sulfadiazine, containing sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and other groups. Desire O Sulfa drugs were the first successful treatment against bacterial We avoid using tertiary references. The one I frequently use is called 23 & Me, taking their raw data and plugging it in to geneticgenie.org. Sulfonamides were originally derived from red dye. For people who have a sensitivity to sulfur (or sulfites, which are sulfur atoms complexed with three oxygen atoms), foods and supplements high in the sulfur-containing amino acids can be a problem. At that time the FDA also required other beverages containing sulfites, such as wine, beer and dried fruit to have warning labels. A mineral that serves as an electrolyte and is involved in the balance of fluid within the body. There are many options. Foods high in sulfites can trigger these symptoms. Sulfonamide hypersensitivity. If you have anepinephrineinjection kit available, use it without hesitation, even if those symptoms do not appear to be allergy related. These are sulfation, glucoronidation, and glutathione-S-transferase. It appears that sulfite sensitivity may be caused by a relative deficiency of the enzyme sulfite oxidase which breaks down sulfites and requires molybdenum as a cofactor. Verywell, 2018., Adverse Reactions to Food Additives and Preservatives, The Difference Between Sulfa and Sulfite Allergies, What to Eat at Chipotle With Food Allergies and Intolerances, Understanding the Causes of an Itchy Mouth, 6 Food Allergy Apps to Help Keep You Safe, Adverse reactions to the sulphite additives, Sulfites in meat: occurrence, activity, toxicity, regulation, and detection. Study Suggests It's Covered in Allergens, swelling of the face, mouth, tongue, and throat, antibiotic combination drugs such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Septra, Bactrim) and erythromycin-sulfisoxazole (Eryzole, Pediazole). The adrenal glands are part of a system of six circuits that forms the NeuroEndoMetabolic (NEM) Stress Response. We provide a detailed list of symptoms and complications of grass pollen allergies and tips for treatment. It may save someone's life. WebAllergies to Sulfur Compounds? The severity of allergic reactions to sulfites can vary. For instance, they're in fermented beverages and wines. The (American) Food and Drug Administration. One lesser known use for activated charcoal, which I recently discovered, is helping to deal with reactions from food allergies. ** Cost of program varies and will be discussed at time of consultation at absolutely no obligation for those who qualify. Serum copper should be checked because high levels can drive molybdenum levels down. These same two in alcohol form are ethanol and butanol. Molybdenum plays a role in sulfite oxidase, which is used in the final step of the degradation of cysteine. A sulfite allergy can make asthma symptoms worse. But here are a few things you can do. Sulfitesoccur naturally in some foods during the fermentation process, such as red wine. Sulfites in foods and drugs are regarded as safe for consumption by governmental regulatory agencies at concentrations up to 5,000 parts per million. This is because the enzyme is working too fast in its conversion. Sulfite allergies usually Antibody activity normally fights infection but can be damaging in allergies and a group of diseases that are called autoimmune diseases. Grayson MH and Holtzman MJ, "Asthma," ACP Medicine, 2005. However, asthmatics seem to be more prone to develop bronchospasm when challenged with sulfur dioxide. If youre high in sulfur or sulfites, youll have to avoid high sulfur and thiol foods and supplements for a period of time (and again, heres the list of low sulfur foods.) Symptoms of AFS include tiredness, brain fog, lowered immunity, sleep disturbances, difficulty losing weight, fertility issues, PMS, anxiety, heart palpitations, sensitivities to certain foods and medications, and mild depression, to name a few. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. Always check labels on all food packages. These molecules are used in food products, including beer, wine and juices; processed meats; canned goods; and dried fruits. Approximately 10% of American adult asthmatics are sensitive to sulphites. By avoiding foods that cause your body to react negatively, you will likely experience more stability in health and energy levels, less inflammation, and better detoxification. Check for these sulfite-containing ingredients on the label of your food, beverage or medication: Sulfur dioxide. Potassium bisulfite. Potassium metabisulfite. Sodium bisulfite. Sodium metabisulfite. Sodium sulfite. There is a variety of foods that contain sulfites including baked goods, soup mixes, jams, canned and dehydrated vegetables, pickled foods like sauerkraut and pickles, gravies, dried fruit, potato chips, trail mix, beer, wine, vegetable juices, bottled lemon juice, bottled lime juice, tea, condiments, molasses, fresh or frozen shrimp, guacamole (avocados), maraschino cherries, and dehydrated, pre-cut, or peeled potatoes. 2004;24:477-490. Daniel Fast: Benefits for Your Spiritual, Emotional and Physical Health, 15 Fermented Foods for a Healthy Gut and Overall Health, 9 Proven Black Seed Oil Benefits that Boost Your Health, L-Glutamine Benefits Leaky Gut & Metabolism, Chia Seeds Benefits: The Omega-3, Protein-Packed Superfood, Apple Cider Vinegar Benefits for Weight Loss, Skin Health, Cholesterol & More, Is Lamb Healthy? You can find out if you have the CBS mutation via one of several genetic tests available online. Theyre also detrimental to your health for several additional reasons. And even a very small amount can cause a reaction. Be sure to talk to your doctor about which medications and products to avoid, especially if you have asthma. Sulfate allergies are rare. Call 911 even after injecting yourself. Sulfonamide antimicrobials and sulfonamide non-antimicrobials have different chemical structures, and there is no clinical evidence of cross-allergy.[7],[8]. Worldwide Nutritional Coaching Since 2001. Our team aims to be not only thorough with its research, but also objective and unbiased. Sulfates are widely present in everyday life: sulfate-containing drugs (i.e., ferrous sulfate), dietary supplements (i.e., glucosamine sulfate), and personal care products(i.e., shampoo, toothpaste, shaving foam, body washes and facial cleansers).[13]. But interestingly enough, an increase in CBS activity will lead to lower levels of homocysteine, but to higher levels of ammonia. Many people with sulfa allergies and sensitivities may be able to safely take the following medications but should do so with caution: The ability to take these medications can vary from person to person. 2012;5:16-23. Monro, T.Sensors (Basel), published online Aug. 6, 2012. For example, it changes homocysteine into methionine. Some asthmatics learn the hard way that drinking alcohol can trigger the wheezing, coughing symptoms of an asthma attack. An increase in ammonia and urinary sulfates in the system can be damaging to the liver and kidneys, and can eventually lead to a loss in brain function if left unresolved. All rights reserved. Guidance for industry: Food labeling guide. Learn how your comment data is processed. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Less than 10 ppm of sulfites (very low sulfite levels, generally do not pose a risk, even for people with sulfite allergy). 1 Malt vinegar. 2 Canned potatoes. 3 Beer. 4 Dry soup mix. 5 Soft drinks. 6 (more items) You may need to see a specialist or undergo further testing. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. An essential mineral that our bodies regulate and conserve. They can produce asthma-like effects like coughing, difficulty breathing, wheezing and tightness in the chest area. D'Amore T, Di Taranto A, Berardi G, et al. WebSome medications have a sulfate component (such as morphine sulfate), and most soaps and shampoos contain compounds such as sodium lauryl sulfate. This can help. A drug allergy is an allergic reaction to a medication. Begin by eliminating from your diet all foods, supplements, and medications that contain sulfur for a period of time. To understand sulfur and sulfide mineral sensitivity, first it is important to understand what sulfates, sulfites, and sulfide minerals are, how you might be exposed to them, and the difference between various sulfur compounds. The list also includes lettuce, mushrooms, grapes, relishes, shredded coconut, peppers, onions, grape juice and gravies. We review seven of the best hypoallergenic pillows that might lessen dust mite allergies and itchy eyes. So are sulfites bad for you, and should you avoid them? Sulfonamide hypersensitivity. They can prevent spoilage and preserve foods -- and certain beverages -- by preventing the growth of mold and bacteria, for example. ). During this time, you can increase your intake of low-sulfur foods such as beef, chicken, shellfish, and all types of meats, as well as seeds such as sunflower seeds and flax seeds. They may test you for allergies or send you to a specialist. When functioning normally, cystathionine reactions produce glutathione and ammonia. A substance that acts with another substance to bring about certain effects, often a coenzyme. Check with your doctor to make sure that the asthma drugs you use do not contain sulfites. Wait a few days before reintroducing the next food, and observe how your body reacts. There are products, containing hydrogen peroxide and water, that are meant to remove sulfites when added to your wine. 5 Reasons to Add Lamb Meat to Your Diet, St. Johns Wort Benefits for Depression, PMS & Menopause, Vitex or Chasteberry, the Female-Friendly Fruit for PMS, sulfur dioxide gas (with the sulfite formula SO2), sulfur salts containing potassium, calcium or sodium, asthmatic reactions, like difficulty breathing. If you have signs of an allergic Ask your doctor what to do in an emergency. 2006;26:551-557. First of all, its part of the antioxidant glutathione, which helps the body detoxify. They're also used to increase the shelf life of some medications. Multiple drug intolerance syndrome: prevalence, clinical characteristics, and management. The last step in eliminating sulfur from the body is an enzyme called sulfite oxidase, and it uses the mineral molybdenum as a cofactor. Decreased CBS activity will result in elevated levels of homocysteine in the body. The FDA now requires sulfites to be declared on the label of any food containing more than 10 parts per million (ppm). 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. In other cases, an immune reaction can occur, where histamine is released into the system producing rashes, itchy and watery eyes, hives, swelling, and a runny nose. I will never share, sell, or publish your email address. PDF available for download. Find school documents, calendars, knowledge base, and technical support, HHP made Julia Khvasechko's dreams into reality, Higher education emergency relief fund emergency funds report, Anita Chen Marshall, DAOM, PharmD, PhD, LAc, San Diego Massage School & Acupuncture School, New York Massage School & Acupuncture School, State Authorization of Distance Education, Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund Emergency Funds Report, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Septra, Bactrim), Fruits, dried (excluding dark raisins and prunes), Grape juices (white, white sparkling, pink sparkling, red sparkling). He is an assistant clinical professor at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine and currently practices at Central Coast Allergy and Asthma in Salinas, California. [9] Sampson HA, Aceves S, Bock SA, et al. Sulfa, sulfite, sulfate, and sulfur are four terms that sound similar but have completely different clinical implications. If you have a sulfite allergy, you should strictly avoid these foods: These are considered moderate to high sulfite levels. Miyata M, Schuster B, Schellenberg R. Sulfite-containing Canadian pharmaceutical products available in 1991. They're mostly seen with severe asthma. Always carry your rescue inhaler and an epi-pen with you. Thiols can be converted to sulfides through the use of oxidants. Glutathione contains sulfur, so if you are sensitive to sulfur, you should not be taking a glutathione supplement. Sulfites have been removed from many asthma inhalers. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. And they can also happen naturally in the process of making wine and beer. The gasses sulfites generate might cause lung-muscle spasms in some asthmatics. When AFS is more advanced, however, these supplements can actually cause an adrenal crash. This test should only be done under the direct supervision of a healthcare provider who's trained and is experienced with the procedure. The enzyme in the body tissues that processes sulfites is called Sulfite Oxidase. [5] Zawodniak A, Lochmatter P, Beeler A, Pichler WJ. October 26, 2005. SOURCES: Foods to eliminate include: Sulfur-containing supplements to avoid include: This is not a full list, however, so it is a good idea to look up high-sulfur foods and supplements to get a more complete picture. 2004;24:856-870. [4] Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Sulfates are widely present in everyday life as drugs, dietary supplements, and personal care products. But they've been taken out of many asthma drugs due to safety concerns. Dr. John K. Chen, PhD, PharmD, OMD, LAc, is the lead author of Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology (2003, Art of Medicine Press) and Chinese Herbal Formulas and Applications (2008, Art of Medicine Press).

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