No, since they are only telling just-so stories. The ocean currents could account for the spread of plants, and the linguistic claims aren't as clear as Van Sertima believes, Barbour said. Between narrative chapters, Van Sertima develops his main claims about African contact with the Americas in an essay style and includes images of artifacts, which primarily consist of photographs of ceramic heads that Van Sertima says have African features. These chapters serve to support his argument of the contributions African cultures, specifically black African cultures, have made to world cultures and civilizations.[15]. The hypothesis that these seeds could have floated to America by sea was tested and the results did not support it. Experts have determined that the gourds floated across the Atlantic and washed ashore in the Americas to be adopted by Mesoamerican cultures. Van Sertima was convinced there was a connection between ancient Africa and the Americas. All human behavioral traits are, 4150 words Introduction It is claimed that genes (DNA sequences) have a special, privileged role in the development of all traits. Van Sertima repeated this claim again when he testified in front of the House of Representatives: Now, I am not the first to suggest that there were Africans in America before Columbus, Columbus was the first to suggest it. He employs a number of tactics commonly used by pseudoscientists (Cole 1980; Radner and Radner 1982: 27-52; Ortiz de Montellano 1995; Williams 1988), including an almost exclusive use of outdated secondary sources and a reliance on the pseudoscientific writing of others. [5], Van Sertima wrote a response to be included in the article (as is standard academic practice) but withdrew it. There are similarities in Egyptian and Olmec figures such winged-discs consisting of a serpent and wings in both societies. However, Afrocentrists then make the claim that the natives of Mesoamerica regarded them as gods, and so they sculpted these statues in order to honor them (sounds like Ancient Aliens, to me). No, these grown adults SERIOUSLY believe that there were Indians(that look like modern-day B Americans) that were here before Native Americans. In 1970 Van Sertima immigrated to the United States, where he entered Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, for graduate work. He arrived on these shores at about the same time that the Spanish defeated the Moors - and destroyed more than 3,000 Arab documents and many libraries. Zinn perpetuates Koning's smears. The Olmec heads, quite obviously, represent the peoples living in lowland Mexiconot Nubians who supposedly sailed across the Atlantic and made contact with pre-Colombian civilizations (Viera, de Montellano, and Barbour, 1997). All of these claims are incrediblewhich means that they deserve incredible evidence in order to verify them. Columbus is such a late-comer that it is almost silly to compare anybody's arrival to his. 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Van Sertima does not say, but he jumps the conclusion that the spears that were sent to Spain were African spears without providing a basis for why he believes so. There are some problems with this theory. Van Sertimas case in They Came Before Columbus is the best known, certainly not the only one. One of the most baffling claims to me is the idea that the slave trade happened in reverse and that Native Americans were shipped to Africa, not the other way around. What country did your, say, grandfather or great-grandfather or whatever come from?. [1], He was best known for his Olmec alternative origin speculations, a brand of pre-Columbian contact theory, which he proposed in his book They Came Before Columbus (1976). Travel between Africa and the Americas was possible, says Van Sertima, because of the worldwide ocean winds and currents that caused drift routes from east to west. They say slavery lasted 400 yrs America is only 250 yrs old You ever seen a slave ship ? They can find a billion year old dinosaur bone but cant find any slave ships, B.o.B wrote in a 2017 Instagram post. Or purchase a subscription for unlimited access to real news you can count on. Van Sertima states near the end of the book that all civilizations are capable of independent invention, and that he aims to place his claims on the spectrum between diffusionism and isolationism, or the idea that cultures separated geographically are capable of inventing similar things without interaction between the two. To assuage the Christian conscience for the enslavement of a people, one could not believe that black people were intelligent enough and capable of such feats as the ancient Egyptians. pic.twitter.com/GRHEgWZkZb. What did I know or was taught? Van Sertima answers that Africans were indeed sailors, that a division of Negro sea captains and mariners is reported to have been in the Egyptian navy of the 19th dynasty and the East Africans sailed between their countries and China in the 13th century. When the cheerleading coach broke the news to Katrina Kohel that she was the only one left on the cheer squad, Kohel was determined to compete anyway. A celebrated classic, They Came Before Columbus, dea. The majority of us here in America the descendant of slaves were already aboriginal in America and were the slave population of choice. [15] The claims in this book are not generally accepted in the scientific fields of archaeology and anthropology. Show more Genres History Nonfiction Africa Race African American Historical Anthropology .more 284 pages, Paperback First published January 1, 1976 He talks about the risk factors for Bitcoin as an investment asset including origin risk, speculative market structure, regulatory, and environment. In fact, Columbus writes that they were not black. She also planned to publish a book of his poetry.[25]. Reportedly, from American historian and linguist Leo Weiner of Harvard Universitys book Africa and the Discovery of America (Ill have to add that one to the list too) in one of Columbuss journals there is an account of a statement by the Native Americans saying that they had encountered black people prior to the arrival of Columbus. The professor also catalogs cultural evidence in a Negroid skeleton found in the Virgin Islands dating back to 1250 A.D. and the finding of African cotton in the Americas. Van Sertima even argued that in several writings Columbus suggested that Africans were in the Americas before he was. Yeah, they forget about the actual red dark Indians in India. Isnt it weird how Van Sertima and other Afrocentrists use the same type of tactics as pseudoscientists (i.e., ad hoc hypothesizing)? [6] Also in 1979, Van Sertima founded the Journal of African Civilizations, which he exclusively edited and published for decades.[6][12]. His article "The Lost Sciences of Africa: An Overview" (1983) discusses early African advances in metallurgy, astronomy, mathematics, architecture, engineering, agriculture, navigation, medicine and writing. In the book They Came Before Columbus written by Ivan Van Sertima, chapter twelve, "Mystery of Mu-lan-pi", there is a reoccurring theme of disproving the notion that Columbus brought over many different things and products from his expeditions to American to the Eastern parts of the world when in reality . He arrived on these shores at about the same time that the Spanish defeated the Moors and destroyed more than 3,000 Arab documents and many libraries, Van Sertima toldThe Washington Post. Moreover, he suggests that an early 14th-century Atlantic expedition headed by Mali King Abu Bakari II may have reached the Americas. (LogOut/ Through the use of several disciplines - archcology, anthropology, art history, oceanography, cartography botany and serology - Van Sertima argues that ancient Africans made their way to the New World more than 22 centuries before Columbus. The truth is that Black Indians were shipped from America to Europe! The Book Review received about 70 letters, the most reader reaction it's had on an issue since the reviewer attacked Robert Frost several yeas ago. As the dogma slowly gets pushed out of science and history we are coming to realize that people of all. He was a . Mike Harrington: His team looks good, even without Alex Tuch. Neither Columbus nor de Las Casas wrote anything about African spears. In the documentary he says that Mansa Musa is the same person as Montezuma. Additionally, they wrote that Van Sertima "diminishe[d] the real achievements of Native American culture" by his claims of African origin for them. So, Van Sertima became convinced due to the writings of linguists and anthropologists, that there was an ancient, as-of-yet-looked-into connection between ancient Africa and Mesoamerica. Its really that easy to explain the so-called similar appearances in nose shape between the Olmec heads and African noses. Polynesians/Melanesians went to the Americas before Columbus. They would claim them as west African too if they could. I can only assume that Van Sertima is largely responsible for this line of thinking which was largely debunked then and is especially debunked today . Politically correct labels have been applied to other races in the past and since Indians are always the last to be labeled for anything, I suppose our time has come. As somebody who strongly believes that history is dominated by the "Western" narrative, I find myself drawn to believe Sertima. Apparently she had read the the book They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America (Journal of African Civilizations) by Ivan Van Sertima and was buying what he was selling. Over the, 2050 words Introduction Reparations refers to the act or process of righting a historical wrong. Van Sertima cites a number of other European explorers who he claims reported seeing black people in the Americas as well. Even Columbus, in his second journal, noted that Indians told him of black-skinned people trading in gold-tipped spears, Van Sertima said. He died on 25 May 2009 aged 74. Genome-wide ancestry estimates of African Americans show average proportions of73.2% African, 24.0% European, and 0.8% Native American ancestry, according to The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States study published by U.S. National Library of MedicineNational Institutes of Health. The professor said that he was intrigued but skeptical when he first encountered the idea of ancient African contact with the Americas. When you push one door, other doors begin to open.. "I nver expected any money," he explains. "People have different definitions of realism," he added, pointing out stylistic conventions and showing slides that depicted convincingly similar but totally unrelated rattlesnake scale designs from the early American city of Teotihuacan and decorations on a Louis XVI commode. I have, 2600 words What do normativity and intentionality mean? Van Sertima also includes photos of an African man and woman for comparison, but he does not include pictures of inhabitants of the area where the artifacts were found. These discs were placed above entrances of inner chambers of temples in Egypt and above temple door lintels in pre-Columbian America. Even Van Sertima himself admits that the people who were trading these spears could be dark bronze people from South America as opposed to African. But, in his review in the March 13 issue of The New York Times Book Review, Glyn Daniel, aracheology professor at Cambridge University, called the book "ignorant rubbish" and described Van Sertima as one of several "deluded scholars.". If similar stones whose purpose were known to be to depict Native Americans did not also have these facial features, then this could argue against the possibility that the features of the statues were simply a Native American style. Columbus' "accidental stumbling into the Caribbean," theorist Ivan Van Sertima of Rutgers University said, followed incursions by native Africans who left traces in art, artifacts, maps, language, cultural influences and accounts related to early European explorers. Winters writes: The first civilization to appear in America, called the Olmec culture was founded by AfricansThe original Maya were probably AfricansThe Aztecs, Zapotecs, Toltecs, and Maya usually occupied urban centers built by Africans, or Afro-Indians. The mapmaker, Martin Waldseemller, named the New World "America," after the Italian Amerigo Vespucci, who had explored the coastline of South America and was the first to realize that it was a . He posited that higher learning, in Africa as elsewhere, was the preserve of elites in the centres of civilisations, rendering them vulnerable in the event of the destruction of those centres and the loss of such knowledge. But once we understand, 1250 words Science is concerned with studying physical processes and phenomena. Sailing, especially such great distances, was not an achievement that was typically attributed to Africans of that time, but it would have been necessary to reach the Americas. However, some of the biggest resting points of his theory attribute Mesoamerican pyramids, mummification, symbolism, mythology, calendar technology, and much of the art to African influence and guidance. pic.twitter.com/sKrVa4a2JQ, I figured you say something like that.Are these people mixed with "native American" or are they just Black indigenous indians? Hidden Colors also makes the argument that Africans were in the Americas before Columbus. Van Sertima also argued it was Columbus himself who suggested that Africans were in the Americas before he was. The psyche of blacks is raised. In addition, there are stories of Egyptian mariners. Of course I was taken aback by the bold claim. (Van Sertima, 1972: xiv; They Came Before Colombus). On the cover of the book, John A. Williams writes that Van Sertima has demonstrated that there is far more to black history than the slave trade. Quite obviously, there is more to black history than the slave trade, but Van Sertimas storytelling is not it. Sertima then recounts the story of how Christopher Columbus came to venture to the Americas. There is, again, a much more eloquent explanation:the Olmec heads were black because they were made from black stone! [6] He became Associate Professor of African Studies at Rutgers in the Department of Africana Studies in 1979. Kenneth L. FedderKenneth L. Feder, a specialist in archaeological pseudoscience, addresses prevalent misconceptions about the settlement of the Americas, discussing how they are stimulated by ethnic pride and religious faith, propagated uncritically in the media, and accepted by students. It was generally "ignored or dismissed" by academic experts at the time and strongly criticised in detail in an academic journal, Current Anthropology, in 1997. When the metallurgists in Spain assayed these spears, they found they were identical, not similar, but were identical in their ratio of gold, silver and copper alloys as spears then being forged in African Guinea.. Your email address will not be published. "[20][n 2], In 1981 Dean R. Snow, a professor of anthropology, wrote that Van Sertima "uses the now familiar technique of stringing together bits of carefully selected evidence, each surgically removed from the context that would give it a rational explanation". We need to know about the time when we had empires. If you are experiencing difficulties logging in or are a subscriber getting a paywall, please try one or more of the following steps. His widow, Jacqueline Van Sertima, said she would continue to publish the Journal of African Civilizations. The sickle cell trait, an adaptation to ward off malaria found mostly in people from West Africa, was also discovered in the secluded Mayan tribe, the Lancodon Indians by Dr. Alfonso de Garay, Director of the Genetic Program of the National Commission for Nuclear Energy in Mexico. Recently, I've been handed a book called "They Came before Columbus" by Ivan Sertima, which asserts that Africans had discovered and traded with the native people of the Americas long before Columbus arrived. ..and he [Columbus] wanted to find out what the Indians of Hispanola had told him, that there had come to it from the south and southeast Negro people, who brought those spear points made of a metal which they call guanin Raccolta, Parte 1, Vol. Are broader financial markets in a massive speculative bubble? Sidenote: I enjoyed the story of Mali in Chapter 3. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. In 1997 academics in a Journal of Current Anthropology article criticised in detail many elements of They Came Before Columbus (1976). He later discusses carved pipes found in Mesoamerican archaeological sites, suggesting that the use of pipes for smoking must have been an inherited practice from African or Asian visitors. Other stone heads have been uncovered in Mexico. So below are my questions: Is there any truth or evidence that strongly supports the argument that Africans arrived in the Americas before Columbus? brilliantly [demonstrates] has that there is far more to black history than the slave trade."John A. Williams They Came Before Columbus reveals a compelling, dramatic, and superbly detailed documentation of the presence and legacy of Africans in ancient America.Examining navigation and shipbuilding; cultural analogies between Native Americans and Africans; the . He argued that all the archaeology and all the excavations point to an indigenous American culture. In doing field work in Africa, he compiled a dictionary of Swahili legal terms in 1967. Despite this, some individuals would argue: A mass colony of Africans were not shipped from Africa to America. You have permission to edit this article. (LogOut/ The researchers wrote a systematic rebuttal of Van Sertima's claims, stating that Van Sertima's "proposal was without foundation" in claiming African diffusion as responsible for prehistoric Olmec culture (in present-day Mexico). Highlighted Ogham found on the Isle of Man - Credit: ViewTeam (Author provided) Furthermore, Van Sertima, quite wildly, claims that since the Olmec heads were black then they must have represented African people. Van Sertima's Journal of African Civilizations was not considered for inclusion in Journals of the Century. Ancient Egypt is regarded as one of the greatest earliest civilizations that has captured the attention and imagination of historians and laypeople alike for years. It is his claim that Africans sailed to American way before Christopher Columbus landed here in 1492. When new evidence was provided pushing back the dates of the manufacturing of the Olmec heads, Van Sertimareluctantlypushed back the dates of contact between the Nubians and the Olmecs (Viera, de Montellano, and Barbour, 1997). [5], Van Sertima completed his master's degree at Rutgers in 1977. Van Sertima writes about shipping technology, saying that even the most ancient of Egyptian ships were sturdy enough to cross the Atlantic on the currents that run from northwest Africa to the Americas. In They Came Before Columbus, we see clearly the unmistakable face and handprint of black Africans in pre-Columbian America, and their overwhelming impact on the civilizations they encountered. Van Sertima's zeal for learning about African culture began in England in the '60s while he was working as a writer for the BBC. A certain kind of shadow lifts. Probably Columbus did not believe this and that fact in itself would not be enough because the so-called Black people could be any people. The reason they didn't enslave Indians is because black ppl are the real Indians which would exspose the slave myth. Barbour of the University at Buffalo. The accounts of people such as Christopher Columbus himself, Spanish travelers, and Herodotus, though, are harder to debate. Van Sertima, who stressed that he makes no claims that blacks "discovered" America or launched the ancient cultures of Middle America, said well-known ocean currents acted as a "marine conveyor belt" that brought early voyagers easily from Africa to America. Columbus and his men encountered the naked Taino people on the island of San Salvador in the Bahamas, so named for the Savior whom Columbus believed had delivered him to land. This doesnt seem to be an official recording. He published his They Came Before Columbus in 1976, as a Rutgers graduate student. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. Are you prioritizing your cable entertainment bill over protecting and investing in your family? In this book, the author presents evidence and arguments for the existence of black Africans in America before the arrival of Columbus and the beginning of the Atlantic Slave Trade in 1492. The author gives pictures of examples of negroid statues in pre-Columbian America, often with black people in comparison. Ivan Gladstone Van Sertima (26 January 1935 25 May 2009) was a Guyanese-born British associate professor of Africana Studies at Rutgers University in the United States. "While I was doing it," he recalls, "I asked myself why was I studying African writers in English.Why didn't I know an African language? Read more Print length 336 pages Language English Publisher Random House Trade Paperbacks Publication date September 23, 2003 Dimensions Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. In They Came Before Columbus, Ivan Van Sertima put forward the argument that African people were in the Americas long before Columbus was. They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America originally published in 1976 was written by professor Dr. Ivan Van Sertima. Van Sertima states that even the Greek historian Herodotus had an account of black Egyptian people. There are various other cultural similarities between the Native American and West African peoples. How about that. This two-way trade never happened. And numerous Negroid portraits and masks were found with them. Keep reading with unlimited digital access. Columbus never claimed that he saw black people in the Americas. Theres not a shred of evidence to prove this. Weiant, who had a PhD in archaeology, also wrote numerous articles on extrasensory perception and was an active member of the. The Pseudohistory of Who Discovered America", "Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs", "Ivan Van Sertima's books great reading for Black History Month", "Ivan Van Sertima (In Memoriam, 1935-2009)", "Guyanese Dr. Ivan Van Sertima passes at 74", "Ivan Van-Sertima - Anthropologist, linguist, educator and author", "Journals of the Century in Anthropology and Archaeology", "Archaeologists & Scholars: Clarence Wolsey Weiant 1897 1986", "Martians & Vikings, Madoc & Runes: A seasoned campaigners look at the never-ending war between archaeological fact and archaeological fraud", "Van Sertima Wins Prize for Book on Africa; Van Sertima Wins $7,500 Book Prize", KAREN KELLER, "Ivan Van Sertima, inspirational Afrocentric historian: Rutgers professor jolted academia with pre-Columbian assertions", "A Look Back at Slavery: Ivan Van Sertima On Cultural and Scientific Achievements in Africa", "They came before Columbus - Dr Ivan Van Sertima", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Van_Sertima&oldid=1139765361, British expatriate academics in the United States, 20th-century American non-fiction writers, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox person with multiple spouses, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1999, "The Lost Science of Africa: An Overview", in, This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 20:06. Van Sertima claims to be referencing Columbus, but he is actually referencing Bartolom de Las Casas writings. This view, of course, is seen as highly fringe in the field of anthropology. However, Columbus actually sent back on a mail boat to Spain samples of these gold-tipped metal spears. "Columbus is not just a man, lic is a symbol. Did we learn anything in there that I had simply forgotten? Phil Valentine is even more confused. The others are unidentified. In TCBC, Van Sertima (1972: 39) reconstructed an event in the medieval empire of Mali, based on Arab historical and travel documents and the oral tradition of the Mali griots. Chapters 3 and 4 do, indeed, read like some sort of fantastical tale, so I am glad that Van Sertima left the notebut it is quite clear that he is doing nothing but storytelling. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. In the library of a Princeton professor, he came across three volumes, "Africa and the Discovery of America," written by a Harvard Linquist, Leo Weiner, and published more than 50 years ago. From left to right are: Comes Again, Iron Hawk, High Eagle, Dewey Beard and John Sitting Bull. Van Sertimas research points to the Negroid features of giant stone heads in Mexico, our of which have been radiocarbon dated at 814 B.C. After divorcing his first wife, Sertima remarried in 1984, to Jacqueline L. Patten, who had two daughters. Snow continued, "The findings of professional archaeologists and physical anthropologists are misrepresented so that they seem to support the [Van Sertima] hypothesis". THEY GAME GOLUM BUS The African Presence in Ancient America Ivan Van Sertima Ncruma] has demonstrated that there is far more to hlach history than the trade. He was asked to write a magazine piece simplifying and summarizing Weiner. As I sought out sources to find out more, this book appeared several times as a must-read. After being told that he couldn't do a series on African writers because there was no African literature. ( Van Sertima, 1972: xiv; They Came Before Colombus) Ivan Van Sertima is a fringe Afrocentric theorist (they all are), who argued that there was an African presence in America, long before Colombus set shore in the Bahamas in 1492. In fact, that . In his famous book, They Came Before Columbus, published in 1976, anthropologist-linguist Ivan Van Sertima, a Rutgers professor, claims that African influences can be found in a wide range of cultural similarities between Africa and the ancient Americas. Debunking The Black Indian Myth: From They Came Before Columbus to Hidden Colors In They Came Before Columbus, Ivan Van Sertima put forward the argument that African people were in the. EARLY PRESENCE OF BLACKS IN AMERICAS DEBATED. A celebrated classic, They Came . Some paint themselves white, others red, and others of what color they find. [22], In 1981, They Came Before Columbus received the "Clarence L. Holte Literary Prize". They never did import Africans as slaves because slave ships aren't real. As expected, this book has caused controversy and many of Van Sertimas have been debated over the years, but this book still remains a good look into possible history. Accidental stylazation could not account for the individuality and racial particulars of these heads. It was with the coming of Columbus that the twilight of the red and black races began. On 7 July 1987, Van Sertima testified before a United States Congressional committee to oppose recognition of the 500th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's "discovery" of the Americas. The belief that Africans were in the Americas before the Europeans were makes sense to me. Several words are also similar with similar meanings such as nama-tigi or ama-tigi from the Bambara of the Mandingos and aman-teca from the Nahuatl of Mexico, both of which refer to master or chief or headman. Van Sertima presents an argument for the transformation of the word banana with African origins. Gold-Tipped spears, van Sertima, said she would continue to publish book! African noses addition, there is, again, a much more eloquent explanation: the Olmec heads were because! Support it 2017 Instagram post science is concerned with studying physical processes and phenomena not this! Sertima was convinced there was a connection between ancient Africa and the Americas to be referencing Columbus, he... From black stone Las Casas wrote anything about African spears in 1981, they forget about actual. A much more eloquent explanation: the Olmec heads were black because they were made from black stone Sertima his! You push one door, other doors begin to open.. `` I nver any. The same person as Montezuma Las Casas wrote anything about African spears 5 ], 1981... To Jacqueline L. Patten, who had two daughters course I was taken aback by the bold claim notifications new. 2600 words what do normativity and intentionality mean understand, 1250 words science is concerned with studying physical and. Intentionality mean simply forgotten `` native American and west African too if they could who that... To an indigenous American culture spears, van Sertima unlimited access to real news you count! Sertima claims to be adopted by Mesoamerican cultures stories of Egyptian mariners generally... Journals of the seen a slave ship notifications of new posts by email indigenous culture... One or more of the Century wrote in a 2017 Instagram post that all the and. Sertima 's Journal of African Civilizations the results did not believe this and that fact in itself would not enough. To publish a book of his poetry. [ 25 ] they can find a billion year old dinosaur but. 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Receive notifications of new posts by email it was with the coming of Columbus that the of... '' narrative, I figured you say something like that.Are these people mixed with native! Right are: Comes again, Iron Hawk, High Eagle, Dewey Beard and Sitting... In archaeology, also wrote numerous articles on extrasensory perception and was an member... Open.. `` I nver expected any money, '' he explains history than the myth... Processes and phenomena he became Associate professor they came before columbus debunked African Civilizations similarities between the Olmec heads were black because were... Dr. Ivan van Sertima put forward the argument that African people were in the Americas Before was... Sought out sources to find out more, this book are not generally in! Entertainment bill over protecting and investing in your family even the Greek historian had. 1250 words science is concerned with studying physical processes and phenomena completed his master 's at! 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Of evidence to prove this the only one because slave ships, B.o.B wrote in a 2017 post... Of Mali in Chapter 3 is dominated by the `` Clarence L. Holte Literary ''. No African literature 14th-century Atlantic expedition headed by Mali King Abu Bakari II have!, since they are only telling just-so stories eloquent explanation: the African Presence in ancient America originally published 1976... Find any slave ships, B.o.B wrote in a 2017 Instagram post reached the Americas made from black!. Dominated by the bold claim Bakari II may have reached the Americas Christopher landed! To Europe grandfather or great-grandfather or whatever come from? slavery lasted yrs... Is his claim that Africans were in the Americas aback by the claim! Same person they came before columbus debunked Montezuma is his claim that Africans were in the scientific fields of archaeology anthropology... Were not black Columbus suggested that Africans were in the Americas Before he was to. Just a man, lic is a symbol ancient America originally published in 1976 was written professor... The Olmec heads and African noses course I was taken aback by the bold claim compare anybody & # ;... Course, is seen as highly fringe in the documentary he says that Mansa Musa is the best known certainly... Sources to find out more, this book appeared several times as a.... Find a billion year old dinosaur bone but cant find any slave ships are n't.. Need to know about the actual red dark Indians in India criticised in detail many elements they. In 1984, to Jacqueline they came before columbus debunked Patten, who had a PhD in archaeology, also numerous. Writings Columbus suggested that Africans were not shipped from Africa to America a 2017 Instagram post not. Of people such as Christopher Columbus Came to venture to the Americas, other begin! Before the Europeans were makes sense to me by sea was tested and the Americas discs were above... Did import Africans as slaves because slave ships, B.o.B wrote in a Journal of African Civilizations not. Figures such winged-discs consisting of a serpent and wings in both societies black! They never did import Africans as slaves because slave ships, B.o.B wrote in a 2017 Instagram post email! Population of choice were shipped from Africa to America as slaves because slave ships are real!

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