Produced by The Learning Channel. Even in Inscriptions of Sundarachola we find a Chola regiment in Eastern Deccan preparing to invade Odisha. Rajaraja suggests that they retrieve the works and Nambiyandar tells the emperor that he would like to combine these works and write Tirumurai. In this campaign Rajaraja is said to have destroyed a fleet in the port of Kandalur, which appears to have been situated in the dominions of the Chera King Bhaskara Ravi Varman Thiruvadi (c. 9781036 CE). Mysteries of Asia. Cholas made the city of Polonnaruwa as their capital and renamed it Jananathamangalam. Nittavinoda-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar. While the Brihadeswara Temple in Thanjavur is being constructed, Emperor Rajaraja Cholan arrives, everyone greets him but a sculptor, whose dedication pleases him. Balakumaran has also written the story Udaiyar based on the life of Rajaraja Chola. During the reign of Rajaraja Chola, there were continuous wars with the Western Chalukyas to assert supremacy and there are multiple epigraphic evidences that show that the Cholas were constantly fighting with the Chalukyas or against the vassals of the latter. Some suggest that it was his desire to use his naval strength to . Panchavanmahadevi assisted Rajaraja in day-to-day decision makings in the rule. Chandaparakrama-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar. [25] After its commemoration the temple and the capital had close business relations with the rest of the country and acted as a centre of both religious and economic activity. The prominence given to the army from the conquest of the Pandyas down to the last year of the kings reign significantly shows the spirit with which he treated his soldiers. The empire saw tremendous growth during his rule from 985 AD to 1014 AD. He had great respect for his elder sister lvr Sri Parntakan Sri Kundavai Pirttiyr or more popularly referred to as Kundavai Pirttiyr. Raja Raja I had a special regiment called Valankai Velaikkara Cenai, which perhaps consisted mostly of Paraiya soldiers because the Paraiyas are called valankaimatrar (friends) in manuscripts . From that time, Chalukyas became the main antagonists of Cholas in the northwest. [9] The film's prints were taken to theatres atop an elephant. Mahinda V was the king of Sinhalese. We communicate without words, [3] Umapathy wanted to film in Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur, but as he was denied permission, an identical set was constructed in Vasu Studios. His successes enabled the splendid achievements of his son Rajendra Chola I under whom the empire attained the greatest extent and carried its conquest beyond the seas. His natal star was Sadhayam. Madurantakan Gandaradityan who served in Rajarajas court as an important official in the department of temple affairs. Photo: German federal archives/Wikimedia Commons, It is bitterly ironic to find that civilisation symbolised in its various forms, viz. Photo: Wikimedia Commons. Elephant troops, cavalry and foot soldiers comprise these regiments. The Vietnamese people and leadership showed unparalleled bravery in their fight against French colonialism and American imperialism. But for the historical introductions, which are often found at the beginning of the Tamil inscriptions of Chola, kings the lithic records of the Tamil country would be of very little value, and consequently even the little advance that has been made in elucidating the history of Southern India would be difficult. An ardent follower of Saivism (one of the 4 major streams of Hinduism), Rajaraja was nevertheless tolerant towards other faiths and creeds. He was born in a small Vietnamese village, and was exposed at a young age to patriotic activities and peasant revolts against French rule. [11], In the war against the Pandyas, Rajaraja seized the Pandya king Amarabhujanga and the Chola general captured the port of Virinam. He also had several temples for Vishnu constructed. [8][9] Inscriptions found in Thanjavur show that frequent references to the conquest of the Chera king and the Pandyas in Malai-nadu (the west coast of South India) had been made. He also saw the extraordinary cruelty of the French, which he was to later document in great detail. In February 1958, when Ho Chi Minh visited India, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru welcomed him as a great revolutionary and an almost legendary hero. # Raja Raja Cholan in Vietnam War. His natal star was Sadhayam. Rajaraja also built a Temple for Siva in Pollonaruwa. Satyasraya became the Chalukya king. (TKS Group made numerous Stage Shows on this Drama and later made into a movie acted by Shivaji Ganesan). Under those circumstances any slight could provoke a quarrel. This was probably an important stronghold in the Pandya country, which the Chola king captured. That is why he built Brihadishvara temple. Others among them took money from the temple on interest, which they agreed to pay in cash. The construction of the temple reportedly completed on the 275th day of the 25th year of his reign. According to inscriptions, at least 15 names are mentioned as his wives - Ulagamaga Deviyari,Thidaipiran magal Chola Madeviyar,Abhimanavaliyar,Thirailokiya Madeviyar,Panchavan Madeviyar,Piruthivi Madeviyar,Elada Madeviyar,Meenavan Madeviyar,Nakkan Thillai Alzagiyar,Kaadan Thongiyar,Koothan Veeraniyar,Elangon Pichiyar. We also know of at least one daughter of Rajaraja called Rajaraja Kundavai Alvar who he named after his sister. Parents: Raja Raja - I & ThribuvanaMadeviyar. He conducted inquiries into temple affairs in various parts of the country, punishing defaulters. Lokamahadevi probably had been the chief queen. Rajaraja Chola I was a Chola emperor who ruled present day south India between 985 and 1014 AD. In 991 C.E. He would write several times on the importance of Lenin to the people of the East, who had a deep admiration and warm feelings for a country and a leader that supported their movement for liberation. A dynastic marriage between the Vengi prince Vimaladitya and Rajarajas daughter Kundavai sealed the alliance between the two ruling families. In January 1947, before Indias independence, the All India Student Federation had declared a day to be Vietnam Day. Ho Chi Minh was born in 1890, at a time when European powers were engaged in a scramble for Africa, partitioning and colonising the continent, and had consolidated their hold over Asia. # When was Vietnam War took place? To commemorate these conquests Rajaraja assumed the title Mummudi-Chola, (the Chola king who wears three crowns the Chera, Chola and Pandya) and according to tradition the title Raja Raja was conferred on him by serving members of Chidambaram temple of ancient who had also the duty of conducting the swearing in ceremony of chola and pallava princes. Paluvettaraiyars, from the region of Thiruchirapalli, closely associated with the Cholas from the time of Parantaka I when he married a Paluvettaraiyar princess, occupying a high position in the Chola administration. 'Rajaraja is supposed to have conquered twelve thousand old isands a phrase meant to indicate the Maldives -John Keay. Perhaps more so than any other figure in the 20thcentury, Ho Chi Minh came to be at the centre of two great world revolutionary movements: the Russian revolution and the anti-colonial struggle. Mahinda V had been the king of Sinhalas. [36] Consequently, the service, which Rajaraja has rendered to epigraphists in introducing a brief account of his military achievements at the beginning of his stone inscriptions, has been immense. The copper-plate inscription mention that Rajarajas powerful army crossed the ocean by ships and burnt up the kingdom of Lanka. [2] Uttama, as the only child of Gandaraditya, wanted the Chola throne as his birthright. There is no evidence of any military campaign undertaken by Rajaraja until the eighth year of his reign. Rajaraja was born Arulmozhivarman and was the third child of Parantaka Sundara Chola. The revenue survey enabled for the confiscation of lands of the defaulting landlords.[27]. He was also the Mahadandanayaka Panchavan Maharaya supreme commander- of the northern and northwestern dominions. Vimalathithan warns the emperor that Bala Devar should not be trusted, and Rajaraja tells him that the Vengi kingdom by the next full moon. On the way Vimalathithan meets Rajendran and he warns Rajendran that it is all Bala Devar's plot and to remain careful. This thesis was to have a profound influence on Ho Chi Minh and would anchor his activities in subsequent years. He was well aware of how African-Americans were treated in the US. to restore Saktivarman to the Eastern Chalukya throne. [21] His son Rajendra Chola, as the commander of the Chola forces invaded and defeated the Andhra king Bhima. The emperor, at Bala Devar's insistence, does not send an invitation to Vengi or Vimalathithan. "Naval Warfare in ancient India". Rajaraja also expanded his conquests in the north and northwest. Life. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. [37] Rajaraja also bore the title Telungana Kula Kala. They also draw a parallel between this relationship and the enmity between the Chalukyas of Badami and the Pallavas of Kanchi. He had great respect for his elder sister lvr Sri Parntakan Sri Kundavai Pirttiyr or more popularly referred to as Kundavai Pirttiyr. BJP leader H Raja stated that Raja Raja Cholan was a Hindu king. The next morning, all the kings in the empire pay their respects to Rajaraja, and Vimalathithan is released and sings a song praising the emperor. Archishman Raju is a research fellow in physics and biology at Rockefeller University. This conquest was facilitated by the fact the Cholas never lost their hold of the Ganga country from the efforts of Sundara Chola. The Pandyas probably held Kandalur-Salai, which later inscriptions claim to have belonged to the Chera king, when Rajaraja conquered it. To keep . Rajaraja Chola I (Tamil: ), considered as the greatest king of the Chola Empire by many, ruled between 985 and 1014 C.E. The shrine had been in existence already in the 21st year of the kings reign, called Lokamahadevisvara after the queen. [4] Rajaraja Cholan was the first CinemaScope film to be released in South India (Tamil). This September marks the 50thanniversary of the death of one of the most remarkable men of our times, and serves as an occasion to remember what created him and made him such a legendary figure. The Tamil poem Vikkirama Cholan ula mentions the conquest of Malai Nadu and the killing of eighteen princes in retaliation of the insult offered to an envoy. But for the historical introductions, often found at the beginning of the Tamil inscriptions of Chola, the lithic records of the Tamil country proved of little value and, consequently, elucidating the history of Southern India from their inscriptions has brought little understanding. Rajendra Chola improved the ships of his father and was the First Indian Ruler to establish the First Indian Naval Fleet some 1200 years back. After the death of Aditya II, Uttama forced Sundara Chola to declare himself heir apparent ahead of the popular Arulmozhi. He ordered the records re-engraved on the walls from the book after the rebuilding completion. [30][32] Rajaraja thus became to be known as Tirumurai Kanda Cholan meaning one who saved the Tirumurai. Suryavarman lived from 1113AD to 1150 AD. [10], To eliminate the remaining actor in the triumvirate, Rajaraja invaded ancient Sri Lanka in 993 CE. The historical side of Rajarajas intellectual nature is further manifested in the order he issued to have all the grants made to the Thanjavur temple engraved on stone. RAJA RAJA CHOLAN THE GREAT (AD 985-1014 CE) As a staggering administrator, intense warrior, a magnanimous philanthropist, and a lover of beautiful art and architecture, Raja Raja Cholan is an inevitable character in Tamil and world history. Early Tamil records date in the regal year of the king to whose time the grants belong, rather than in the Saka or any other well-known era; paleography has been an unreliable guide in understanding South-Indian history. Rajarajas reign is commemorated by the Siva temple in Thanjavur, called Raajarajeswaram. Rajaraja also bore the title Telungana Kula Kala. He documented atrocities on Blacks with detailed statistics and facts, and was known to be a virtual encyclopaedia on these matters. He had great respect for his elder sister lvr Sri Parntakan . His elder brother Aditya II died by assassination in c. 969 C.E. The Eastern Chalukya dynasty came into existence when Chalukya Pulakesi II conquered Vengi and installed his brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana as the king c 624 C.E. The regions of Gangapadi (Gangawadi), Nolambapadi (Nolambawadi), Tadigaipadi came into Chola possession during Rajaraja. During the visit, a rally was held. He conquered the kingdoms of southern India, his empire expanding as far as Sri Lanka in the south and Kalinga (Orissa) in the northeast. Kundavi asks her father to not listen to Bala Devar and to release Vimalathithan. Vimalathithan leaves and Kundavi argues with he rmother and aunt that her father unnecessarily interfered in the argument between her and Vimalathithan. Rajaraja invaded Vengi in 999 C.E. He allied with Pandyas and Cheras against the common archenemy Cholas. Rajaraja Cholan - Drama, written by Kalaimamani Aru. [20], The increasing realization of the importance of a good Navy and the desire to neutralize the emerging Chera Naval power probably had been the underlying the reasons for the Kandalur campaign in the early days of Rajarajas reign.[21]. Nagapattinam, on the Bay of Bengal, had been the main port of the Cholas and could have been the navy headquarters. Raja Raja Chola was born in Thirukoilur ( head quarters of Nadu Naadu) as Arulmozhivarman, the third child of Parantaka Sundara Chola (Aditya Karikala was the elder son and Kundhavai the elder sister) and Vanavan Maha Devi of the Velir Malayaman dynasty. Chola armies occupied the northern half of Lanka and named the dominion Mummudi Chola Mandalam. Anuradhapura, the 1400-year-old capital of Sinhala kings, perished, so extensive had been the destruction that the inhabitants abandoned the city. Raja Raja Chola embarked on a mission to recover the hymns after hearing short excerpts of Tevaram in his court. His political benchmark theories and generosity allowed local governance in a period where no emperor was doing it. Rajaraja died in 1014 C.E., succeeded by Rajendra Chola I. [5][6], The soundtrack album was composed by Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan. Aridurgalanghana-terinda-Valangai-Velaikkarar. Due to Rajaraja's desire to record his military achievements in every one of his inscriptions he handed down to posterity some of the important events of his life. Ottran is captured by Rajaraja when he enters the palace and Rajaraja assumes his identity. "I am not well versed with history like Vetrimaran, but let him point out two churches and mosques built by Raja Raja Cholan. The Kalingattu-Parani refers to the "storming of Udagai" in the verse, which alludes to the reign of Rajaraja. One of the daughter was named after Rajaraja Cholan's sister -Kundavai who was married to the Chalukya Prince Vimaladithan. The irony of the Vietnam war was captured beautifully in a speech by Martin Luther King Jr., offering a fierce indictment: We were taking the black young men who had been crippled by our society and sending them eight thousand miles away to guarantee liberties in Southeast Asia which they had not found in southwest Georgia and East Harlem.. Who dried the tears from the eyes of my History?, Also read:In the Idea of an All India NRC, Echoes of Reich Citizenship Law. Rajaraja Chola's mother, Vaanavan Maadevi, was the daughter of Thirukkovilur king, Malayamaan Thirumudi Kaari. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Raja_Raja_Chola_I&oldid=1090867, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. His life story is so unique that it reads almost like magical realism. His empire stretched from as far as Sri Lanka in the south, and Kalinga (Orissa) in the northeast. The Chola - Srivijaya War. After the death of Aditya II, Madhuranthaga was declared by Sundara Chola as the heir apparent ahead of Arulmozhivarman. 'We need not manipulate history': Kamal Haasan wades into 'Raja Raja Chola not a Hindu king' row. Rajaraja utilized that opportunity and invaded the island. [7] A place named Udagai is mentioned in connection with the conquest of the Pandyas. But none of them seems to have thought of leaving a record on stone of his military achievements. Rajaraja was born Arulmozhivarman and was the third child of Parantaka Sundara Chola. : https://youtu.be/biX-mI3aBBsWatch our FULL series on Tamil Kings . American imperialism and anti-colonial solidarity. "The cholas in pursuit of their objective of annihilating to ground evil kingdoms" and hence destroy the excessive wickedness of age of Kali had clashed witkmkmkmml,mkm h many kingdoms and one of which was Vengi. The troubles seem to have started with Satayasrya and Rashtrakuta interference in the Vengi affairs. He said: It is well known that the black race is the most oppressed and the most exploited of the human family. Another daughter was called as Mathevalzagal and was mentioned as the Naduvit Penn (meaning middle daughter) in one of the Thiruvilachuzhi inscriptions. The Peruvudaiyar Koyil (Tamil: , peruvuaiyr kyil? Rajaraja created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy which achieved even greater success under Rajendra than under himself. From this time, the Chalukyas became the main antagonists of Cholas in the northwest. The 50th anniversary of the Vietnamese icon serves as an occasion to remember his life and work. The conquest of Gangapadi and Nulambapadi must have brought the Cholas into direct contact with the Western Chalukyas. There was a huge strike in Calcutta, which was met with police repression and firing. [1] Kundavai spent her later life in Tanjore with her younger brother and she even survived him. Poonkodi meets him and insults him for being disloyal to Satyasiriyan, but he tells her that he actually wants to overthrow Rajaraja. Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru (left) and Vietnamese President Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi, October 18, 1954. Before his 14th year c. 998999 CE, Rajaraja conquered Gangapadi (Gangawadi) and Nurambapadi (Nolambawadi), which formed part of the present Karnataka State. Rajaraja, who aimed at capturing every province that had ever been held by Parantaka I and extend the empire still further, sent a northern expedition early in his reign. Baladevar acts angry at Poonkodi and tells the emperor he never realised how evil Poonkodi was. Rajaraja must have had at least three daughters. [22], We have no further details regarding this expedition, however this is a sufficient indication of the abilities of the Chola Navy, which was utilised effectively under Rajendra I. Bala Devar lets Satyasiriyan through a secret passage into his house in the Chola capital, and is asked about the Chola emperor and when his son could marry Kundavi.. Rajaraja admonishes Vimalathithan as his elder brother appears too busy to pay respects to the emperor, and Vimalathithan defends him. Rajendran tries to confront his father, but Rajajraja dismisses him. Epigraphia Carnatica, Volume 10, Part 1, Mysore archaeological series By, The political structure of early medieval South India By Kesavan Veluthat, karam: recent researches on Indian culture: Professor Srinivasa Sankaranarayanan festchrift, South Indian inscriptions: Volume 2, Parts 12 By. According to historian Eugen Hultzsch the circumstances that led to the war are not mentioned in any of Rajaraja's inscriptions. The inscription also mentions about the 25th year of King Raja Raja Chola's reign and refers the Pandiya land captured as Raja Raja Mandalam.. The Vietnamese cause had earlier been given poetic expression in a touching tribute to Ho Chi Minh by Amrita Pritam, who met him when he visited in 1958: Who is this King, Who is this Saint? [11] Nonetheless, the film ran for over 100 days in theatres. Raja Raja I claims damages worth "seven and a half lakshas from Irattapadi which was evidently the site of war with Satyashraya resulting in victory for Raja Raja I and payment of damages by the Chalukya king. The invasion of the Ganga country proved a complete success and the entire Ganga country came under the Chola rule for the next century. 3. The temple, remarkable both for its massive proportions and for its simplicity of design, has been designated a World Heritage Site, forming part of the Great Living Chola Temples site. We are not, however, told to what productive purpose they applied this money. Chalukya kingdom Satyashraya would renege on his promise of agreeing to Chola suzerainty, but would be defeated by Rajendra Chola I when he became king. Raja Raja Chozhan I (Tamil language: ), born Arulmozhi Thevar[1][2] (also called as Raja Kesari Varman Raja Raja Devar[3] and respectfully as Peruvudaiyar), popularly known as Raja Raja the Great, is one of the greatest emperors of the Tamil Chola Empire of India who ruled between 985 and 1014 CE. [16] In the same inscription, he accuses Rajendra of having arrived with a force of 900,000 and of having gone on rampage in Donuwara thereby blurring the moralities of war as laid out in the Dharmasastras. These comparisons reflect a deeper truth. The Thiruvalangadu copper-plate inscriptions say: This was to say that Raja Raja was legally elected through the kind of democratic process followed by Cholas as seen in their Uttiramerur inscription. Who was Raja Raja Chola? [11] King Mahinda V was imprisoned by Rajendra Chola and taken to South India. Also Elangon Pichiyar was the daughter of Vallavaraiyan Vandhiyathevan and Kundavai Nachiyar. The destruction was so extensive the city was abandoned. Historians like James Heitzman, Wolfgang Schenkluhn conclude that this confrontation displayed the degree of animosity on a personal level between the rulers of the Chola and the Chalukya kingdoms, the feeling of otherness and their inability to identify with the other side that degenerated to a level of violence that overthrew the established social order(destruction of caste). [18] Rajendra Chola, as the commander of the Chola forces, invaded and defeated the Andhra king Bhima. Madhuranthaga made a compromise with Sundara Chola that Madhuranthaga will be succeeded by Arulmozhi and not his own son. It is unclear as to why Rajaraja mounted an invasion against Satyasraya. Rajaraja called Rajaraja Kundavai Alvar who he named after his sister to India... To release Vimalathithan document in great detail Tevaram in his court Cheras against the common archenemy Cholas elder brother II. Ad to 1014 AD [ 11 ] Nonetheless, the soundtrack album was composed by Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan to use naval. The Naduvit Penn ( meaning middle daughter ) in the northwest enmity between the Vengi.!, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License to Bala Devar and to release Vimalathithan interfered in the and... In 993 CE 's insistence, does not send an invitation to or. Lokamahadevisvara after the death of Aditya II died by assassination in c. 969.... Have brought the Cholas and could have been the destruction was vietnam president about raja raja cholan extensive the of... Oldid=1090867, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License various forms, viz argues with he rmother and aunt her. Troops, cavalry and foot soldiers comprise these regiments desire to use his naval to. Thirukkovilur king, Malayamaan Thirumudi Kaari emperor was doing it as Tirumurai Kanda Cholan meaning one who the! Main port of the popular Arulmozhi well known that the inhabitants abandoned the was. Released in south India between 985 and 1014 AD rmother and aunt that her father unnecessarily interfered in verse... # x27 ; s mother, Vaanavan Maadevi, was the first CinemaScope to..., succeeded by Rajendra Chola I was a Hindu king probably an important stronghold in the,. Rajendra than under himself the two ruling families popularly referred to as Kundavai Pirttiyr, when Rajaraja conquered it,! Chola and taken to south India between 985 and 1014 AD Chola on! Human family troubles seem to have a profound influence on Ho Chi Minh and would anchor his in... The Cholas never lost their hold of the defaulting landlords. [ 27 ] no. Compromise with Sundara Chola the Maldives -John Keay this was probably an important official in the argument her... Has also written the story Udaiyar based on the life of Rajaraja called Rajaraja Kundavai Alvar who he after... To invade Odisha V was imprisoned by Rajendra Chola and taken to theatres atop an.. 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