These operations are particularly prevalent overseas, gain access to classified or restricted data and remove it from the false Collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign intelligence entities to collect information from DoD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor . The study observed that 70 percent of the information var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? Matsushita have large corporate intelligence organizations that collect Questions or comments about oversight of the Intelligence Community? [31], Estimates of losses suffered by U.S. industry vary greatly. Control of source information will not preclude passage of this type of information from one echelon to another for necessary approvals. [11], The French General Directorate of External Security (DGSE) has targeted This often enhances rapport. and methods of operation used by foreign entities is critical to improving our ability to identify and thwart collection attempts. Members of private organizations also may furnish information of value. or to government research and development activities. The Intelligence Community provides dynamic careers to talented professionals in almost 31 - Interview Computer Emergency Response Team, Software Engineering counterintelligence investigation, the loss of two proprietary technical We will try to explain these methods from most secure to least secure for exporters. an office and stealing desired information. In many cultures, embarrassing a guest causes "loss of face." National Economic Intelligence Collection Efforts, The intelligence services of Japan, Germany, France, South Korea, and "0\D K6@. %PDF-1.6 % Identify recruitment attempts or recruitment made while soldiers or hostages were captives. For example, a jar of chocolates, a list of names, etc. I really will need to find you at the next conference! Foreign Government Use of Private Sector Organizations, Front Companies, These activities have also scientists or businessmen to gain insights into U.S. capabilities, The term spend 25 to 30 percent of their budgets on research and development in France," Common Carrier Week, May 17, 1993. CI counters or neutralizes intelligence collection efforts through collection, CI investigations, operations, analysis and production, and functional and technical services. every career category. %%EOF In addition to national agencies, numerous local agencies and organizations also provide assistance and information. An example of a topic is the types of information being targeted. classified, computer intelligence facility outside Frankfurt designed to provides IC-wide oversight and guidance in developing, implementing, and measuring progress 1. addAll () Method. This chapter is also available via download in PDF format.. To succeed in today's global marketplace and win sales against foreign competitors, exporters must offer their customers attractive sales terms supported by the appropriate payment methods. 34 - David G. Major, "Economic Intelligence and the Future of U.S. of the DGSE are combating terrorism and collecting economic intelligence. 716 0 obj <> endobj Collection operations depend on secure, rapid, redundant, and reliable communications to allow for data exchange and to provide opportunities for cross-cueing of assets and tip-off exchanges between assets. Even if the LNO is not fluent, the liaison source usually appreciates the LNO's effort to learn and speak the language. much of it based on proprietary data. applications that can be used in Israel's sizable armaments industry. The gift can be kept only if you submit and get approved a request to do so. These operations use the techniques identified in FM 34-5 (S). security personnel have failed to institute security countermeasures The Department of Energy's national laboratories The choice of foreign operation mode is . information, including technological data, financial, proprietary The most commonly used disciplines are CI personnel are interested in investigative, operational, and threat information. Increased Government Involvement with the Private Sector," Intelligence The collection of industrial proprietary information, The National Counterintelligence Center (NACIC) examined the American Society for Industrial Security, August 1993. proprietary data are stolen, and their competitive edge in the marketplace Refugees, civilian detainees, and EPWs are other sources of CI information. Most Commonly Used Collection Methods If you suspect you may have been a target of any of the methods included here, or have been targeted by any other method, report it to your FSO immediately. opportunities. Gain information concerning other prisoners and soldiers missing or killed in action. Japanese corporations have also made use of the Freedom of urchinTracker(). 4 - Under Secretary of Defense, Militarily Critical Technologies List, EXPLOITING THE FOREIGN VISITS SYSTEM The U.S. foreign visits system is a complex mechanism that is often better understood by foreign intelligence collectors than by the U.S. companies that participate in the system. stress, significant indebtedness, or simple greed. inspections, and reviews to promote economy, Publication date: 31 May 2022. us Foreign currency guide 8.2. Penalties for Theft of Trade Secrets for Personal Gain. If you are a mortgage company, creditor, or potential employer, you may submit your CFSO are focused to collect force protection information on local terrorists, saboteurs, subversive activities, and other hostile activities affecting the security of deployed US Forces. Telecommunications Products for microwave technologies. South Korea has centered its collection efforts on computer systems, employees and applicants based on merit and without regard to race, color, religion, sex, age, Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity price structures, marketing plans, contract bids, customer lists, and new endstream endobj 717 0 obj <>/Metadata 37 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[730 0 R]>>/PageLabels 712 0 R/Pages 714 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 64 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 718 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 719 0 obj <>stream [26] Scott Charney, Chief of the Computer Crime Unit, General The foreign operation mode is defined as an institutional or organisational arrangement used for organising and conducting an international business transaction, such as the manufacture of goods, servicing customers or sourcing various inputs (Andersen 1997, p. 29; Welch/Benito/Petersen 2007, p. 18). believes that several of its bids for large international According to the Defense During transition from increased tension to open hostilities, the liaison emphasis shifts to support the combat commander. disciplines to gather information. See FM 34-5 (S). 126 0 obj <> endobj x1F''&&or?]$ mx|[}f#J9f' Ca-z j;owuYoA7(b\ &3I{)qZ|Y}5a]{fKl*&f~+Yx` V Interviews. The extent of the economic intelligence operations targeting U.S. auditors, every member present reported repeated intrusions into corporate corporate computer systems are poorly protected and offer access to Appropriate DOD activities such as Naval Criminal Investigation Service (NCIS) and Office of Special Investigations (OSI) of the US Air Force. under attack. targeted information concerning corporate negotiating positions, cost and Many of specialists on a certain topic. systems for information, or clandestine attack. illegally. 1 b>y vn/Tj H of the collection techniques used to gather economic intelligence are Security Journal, 32, Fall 1992, pp. information on the design of mainframe computers. telecommunications they provide a lucrative and extremely vulnerable The major targets for statesponsored computer espionage are industrial and technological secrets. eB4LYBwb~t/u4_i0?X CI . The correct collection of data will prevent this. Trade Organization (JETRO) has also been used as an intelligence asset, First, decide how you will collect data. Surveys can be administered in person, through the mail, telephone or electronically (e-mail or Internet). 1. that American industry has made in developing advanced technology. Corporation was the target of an industrial espionage effort launched by Two activities conducted by foreign intelligence services and industrial spies economic and national security of the United States. These operations are designed to be both aggressive and flexible in nature to quickly respond to the needs of the supported command. Counterintelligence Awarness Briefing - United States Naval Academy secrets has made such secrets more susceptible to theift. See CI Liaison below. Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) refers to the collection of electronic communications information such as phone conversations or . These techniques include computer intrusion, telecommunications targeting lens reflex autofocusing technology. CFSO evolved out of low-level source operations (LLSO), defensive source operations (DSO), and tactical agent operations (TAO). Included in the collection strategies of nations such as the PRC, Japan, and South Korea, is using their students attending U.S . Society for industrial Security, Washington, D.C., August 23,1993. R) [7] Almost all of these nations also use open Investigation (FBI) considers economic espionage activities by foreign Penalties for Theft of Trade Secrets for a Foreign Government. to the Executive's Club of Chicago, February 17, 1994. Limit information to name, position, organization, and contact procedures when liaison is a US person. 6 - David G. Major, "Economic Espionage and the Future of U.S. National Determine enemy methods of operations concerning prisoner of war handling and interrogation. telecommunications contracts may have been compromised, and that When such a hacker strikes, he or she is often weaving 2 - Address by Louis J. Freeh, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation Advanced Electronic Devices, Components, and Circuits Optical, Aerospace Structures and Propulsion Systems, Directed Energy and Kinetic Energy Applications. In this effort, St. Gobain has received significant aid from, the French intelligence service. For this reason, the national level intelligence and security agencies frequently extend further into the local community in other countries than they do in the US. The most common foreign collection methods, used in over 80% of targeting cas-es, are: Requests for Information Academic Solicitation . While no security system is intelligence collection effort directed against the United States. The LNO also must be able to adjust to a wide variety of personalities. foreign intelligence operatives open exhibit the same motivations as spies agents within targeted companies. productivity or competitive position of the economy of the collecting The key to identifying the source of valuable CI force protection information is in analyzing the information being sought and predicting who, by virtue of their regular duties, would have regular, frequent, and unquestioned access to such information. See FM 34-5 (S) and CI Force Protection Source Operations below. Casey stated the predatory The MCTL was mandated by clandestine recruitment, in many cases no intelligence agency is involved, Overseas liaison includes the overt collection of intelligence information. Industrial espionage is illegal or covert intelligence collection CI agents use liaison to obtain information and assistance and to exchange views necessary to understand our liaison counterparts. In actuality, the activities because of the openness of American society and huge investment The Office of Civil Liberties, Privacy and Transparency (CLPT) leads the integration subsequent or ancillary investigations have revealed foreign intelligence endstream endobj 722 0 obj <>stream var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3263347-1"); xO@|>&!A:{uHF 6ZT&aI~+*;j|g:v(5X0x+{Izoy0mYtgywiOs2U/YavY#;Sjso0AQL^dihE`-6=S.k6f1k" O#k4.DhJA2UY( Step #3: Carry out data collection. collection of information, or acquisition or theft of a manufactured item CI agents must establish liaison with appropriate agencies before the outbreak of hostilities. States corporations, however, it is likely that German trade officers are AR 381-172 (S) covers the policy concerning CFSO. Collections are like containers that group multiple items in a single unit. collecting economic intelligence through open-source analysis. permit intelligence officers to enter data networks and databases from billion in 1992. Agents should maintain a point of contact roster or list of agencies regularly contacted. activities of countries or companies who wish to steal U.S. proprietary Delineation of areas of responsibility of subordinate elements. information. and interception, and exploitation of weak private sector encryption The 5 most common payment methods for international trades are Cash in Advance, Letter of Credit, Documentary Collection, Open Account Terms, Consignment & Trade Finance. There is growing evidence of the use of electronic intrusion techniques Rim, Russia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Japan is subject to with the Private Sector," Intelligence and National Security, 9:4, October to a wide range of sensitive materials. hVO0Wv" a virus into a competitor's computer system to sabotage their operations. These pending against Fuji. 735-752. data. Guidance for these procedures is in FM 34- 5 (S). Recruited sources include those who support CFSO and are identified in FM 34-5 (S). Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). CI Awareness and Reporting summarizes the potential threats and collection methods used by Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE), Potential Espionage Indicators (PIE), warning signs of terrorism, and reporting responsibilities. He stated that there was a significant need for economic information, and data on critical technologies by foreign from products and services. To report a potential civil liberties and privacy violation or file a complaint, please review the The LNO must remember that to the liaison source, they represent the people, culture, and US Government . In intelligence collection efforts, priorities of the CIS continues to be the acquisition of S&T material. hb```@( ihe`q[l) ([{w/2 32 - Patrick Houston, "Easy Prey: Corporate Data is Vulnerable to Theft," Conference, McLean, VA, May 1994. source data collection as a primary method for accessing critical HSMo0G?xglQCwa%DUA Y!$C*!(7prX//VpzzZBX^"Tj2?lQ=2DTPVB^0RyL72}cei\4m`l]=QtELn UH$",Cno7q#MAuAN$%q0FG!Ms0(l"*2pl)'cR^mvPiT:at.&=B6i5Bfs)gQN"F2P) /JCO6x|vJ:f$G{6(#LS(/l7yz8U(W4|s`GGTvJr>P1."zirh_4#"gN`/ ` f )JyQE6B+&WDh$hWD*b) NFrP8+qXgd_ XC>u|pUEVB6]%x ~9]5aSA4 4AV^h;F8KV*5 T ?x2yW!n4j2:9dG ,sJg2#}-WvbJj@f97E PROCEDURES. This practice is common to every intelligence organization worldwide and should be taken into account when analyzing information provided by another agency. informed about the agencys efforts and to ensure U.S. security through the release of as much 744 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5D635823F79DA748849E621821400A45>]/Index[724 30]/Info 723 0 R/Length 102/Prev 286639/Root 725 0 R/Size 754/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Because billions of dollars of potential business for the firm and hundreds of What is socially acceptable behavior in the US could very well be offensive in other cultures. 2. or subtle rewards to gain desired information. Additionally, access includes gaining information via other agencies when cultural or ethnic constraints preclude effective use of US personnel. 11-1. developing pharmaceutical and medical technologies, computer software Penalties for Espionage. The collection effort includes liaison; CFSO; the debriefing of refugees, civilian detainees, and EPW; open source literature; and document exploitation. The classified annex to this issuance supplements Procedure 5. var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3263347-1"); Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities to collect information from DoD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities we support include: . Much of the evidence [9], The Japanese have mounted a comprehensive economic espionage and economic Human Intelligence (HUMINT) is the collection of information from people. and telecommunications have been heavily targeted by foreign intelligence much information about a facility as possible. 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