>> /Properties << /Rotate 0 >> >> /Contents 241 0 R /ExtGState << /Type /Catalog /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R The idea was that parents would have more choice and control over their children's education. /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /Font << /Contents 303 0 R /Rotate 0 Prior to 1988 Local Education Authorities still had control over the education budgets for counties and they did not necessarily allocated funding to schools based on pupil numbers. The most far-reaching package of changes to the previously 'un-meritocrial' education system was introduced in the 1988 Education Reform Act. /Rotate 0 In general the schools with more middle class students have better results. /Rotate 0 Top-down federal and state . >> /Font << /MC0 129 0 R endobj There were no league tables, no Ofsted, no academies or free schools. /Parent 13 0 R >> endobj /Order [] This increased parental choice created what is known as a parentocracy , which refers to the idea that parents are ultimately in control of their child's schooling. >> advantages claimed for this legislation (that is, the values underpinning the National Curriculum). - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards, - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING), - Inequality widens between better performing schools in middle class areas and working class areas. /Contents 242 0 R /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R charts developments since the 1988 Act and calls for a Royal Commission to undertake a root-and-branch investigation into the politicisation of education. /Rotate 0 /Font << /ExtGState << This started off the process of schools marketing themselves to parents to increase demand for their schools. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Parent 14 0 R >> /ExtGState << /Resources << /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R 38 0 obj >> /Font << /Contents 228 0 R Inequality of Education Opportunity increases the best schools get better and the worst get worse. /StructParents 57 >> /Properties << /Contents 276 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 16 0 R /Type /Page >> This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. >> /StructParents 69 >> /ExtGState << /Contents 278 0 R /Rotate 0 /StructParents 29 /Font << From a Neoliberal and New Right perspective the above is fundamentally flawed logic as it means that successful schools which are attracting more pupils are subsidising worse performing schools and so the 1988 Act required that LEASs hand over their money directly to schools based on pupil numbers (formula funding) which removed the power of LEAs to control local budgets. /Contents 296 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 5 The national curriculum required that all schools teach the same subject content from the age of 7-16. >> In the past six months I have been researching a new book, The Best For My Child. /Resources << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 2 0 R /Type /Page >> /TT2 121 0 R /S /D He is more guarded about the overall success of the market experiment: I would give it six out of 10. >> >> >> >> >> >> /ExtGState << /TT1 226 0 R /Type /Page /TT3 121 0 R /Kids [82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R] >> /Type /Page /Count 10 The idea behind league tables was to allow parents to easily assess which schools in their local areas are the best. /Rotate 0 endobj The Education Reform Act, 1988, has been greeted as an ill wind by many sections of the educational establishment. 89 0 obj >> An emphasis on individual freedom responsibility (they are against the welfare state). Probably the strongest piece of supporting evidence for the New Rights policies on education is that they have worked to improve GCSE results nearly every year for the last 30 years. /Contents 220 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << >> /Parent 17 0 R In addition, locally determined << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> >> /TT0 120 0 R /Font << << >> Young people want the kudos of entering a profession which is valued by their peers. /SubType /HF /Type /Page << /Font << /Rotate 0 /PageLabels 5 0 R However, an important point to keep in mind is that correlation doesnt necessarily mean causation GCSE results may have improved over the last 30 years WITHOUT marketisation policies. Parental choice directly affects the school budget every extra pupil means extra money for the school. >> >> /ExtGState << >> /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 121 0 R 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. << The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. /GS0 125 0 R >> /Parent 15 0 R /Parent 16 0 R 44 0 obj /Type /Page /Subtype /XML /C2_0 292 0 R /Prev 113 0 R << /MC0 129 0 R /StructParents 81 /Font << endobj Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. /StructParents 75 << Schools that provide parents and pupils with what they want such as good exam results will thrive. >> /ExtGState << /D << >> /Contents 302 0 R And while many more young people are staying on to higher level qualifications than 30 years ago, and gaps in attainment by social group are starting to narrow, around 11% of 16- 24-year-olds are still not in employment, education or training. /StructParents 26 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /Properties << /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << Children can go to school with their childhood friends. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 10 0 R endobj endobj >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /Parent 9 0 R Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. /Rotate 0 >> /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Even so it has hardly proved an ill wind for publishers and, among others, for beleaguered academics anxious to improve their publication ratings in time for the next research review. The main impact of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 is in establishing a Supreme Court as the highest appeal court. Focusing on exam results and league table position causes stress for pupils as more pressure is put on them to perform well in SATS. /Contents 221 0 R 94 0 obj /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /Resources << /StructParents 62 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> 33 0 obj /Next 112 0 R /Font << << >> The Bill was back on track but women teachers had to wait until 29 December 1975, when the Equal Pay Act 1970 came into force, to be paid the same as their male equivalents. /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page 60 0 obj >> /TT0 120 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 0000005213 00000 n >> The twentieth anniversary of the 1988 Education Reform Act [1] provides an opportunity to assess two decades of unprecedented political centralisation of education in the United Kingdom. The 1988 reforms played an unambiguous role in that improvement, says Phillips: They shone a spotlight on schools failing young people like this one.. 0000010001 00000 n /Title /TT2 226 0 R >> 41 0 obj /Kids [62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] Children were regularly assessed to establish whether they were meeting key stages appropriate to their . /Type /Page /Count 10 The tripartite system, for example, introduced secondary schooling for all students in 1944. The tripartite system of secondary education, implemented in the 1944 Act, offered three types of education after the age of 11: grammar schools for the most able, /TT1 226 0 R /Contents 282 0 R >> Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act - conservative, Advantages of 1944 Education Act, Disadvantages of 1944 Education Act and more. >> /MC0 129 0 R >> The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management In the last few decades, technology has exerted a profound influence on human resources management (HR). endobj >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Name (HeaderFooter) << endobj << /Properties << endobj 105 0 obj >> >> Parent choice is here to stay, but the current lull in domestic policy could provide an opportunity for reflection on what has worked in the past 30 years and what could change in the future. /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Parent 13 0 R Advantages: 1. >> >> Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations. /MC0 129 0 R >> /Properties << /Rotate 0 Established in 1993, OFSTED is the government organisation that inspects schools. /TT1 121 0 R << /Type /Page endobj /Font << /StructParents 61 /PieceInfo << /StructParents 66 << /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << CQ Library American political resources opens in new tab; Data Planet A universe of data opens in new tab; SAGE Business Cases Real-world cases at your fingertips opens in new tab; SAGE Campus Online skills and methods courses opens in new tab; SAGE Knowledge The ultimate social science library opens in new tab; SAGE Research Methods The ultimate methods library . /ExtGState << /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 The education received throughout a childhood determines how the future will be for the new generation. /Font << /Length 3936 58 0 obj /Count 90 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /Font << >> Societies with high rates of education completion have lower crime, better overall health, and civic involvement. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << >> >> /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R The Pros: Advantages and Applications of Facial Recognition System. >> /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page >> /Resources << /TT1 226 0 R endobj /Parent 10 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /Resources << >> /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R List of the Pros of Federal Involvement in Education. 85 0 obj 52 0 obj And Phillipss school, Lilian Baylis Technology School, in Lambeth, south London, would appear to exemplify the benefits of this approach to public services. Registered in England & Wales No. endobj /Author (Tuomo Ruotanen) /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 2 0 R Stephen Ball talks of the school/ parent alliance: Middle class parents want middle class schools and schools want middle class pupils. /Parent 14 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> Barely 10% of its pupils achieved five good GCSEs and attendance was chronically low. [29th July 1988] BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:- . Education Reform Act (1988) Aims To raise standards To make schools more accountable To run schools on 'market principles' and improve efficiency/competition To give parents (consumers) greater choice Creating an education 'market' so that schools were competing against each other for 'customers' (pupils). /StructParents 17 2. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. /Parent 11 0 R /MC0 129 0 R Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1944 Education Act (Butler Act), Comprehensive schooling 1965, Advantages and Disadvantages of comprehensive schools and more. /Type /Pages /Parent 9 0 R 20 0 obj >> >> My own conclusions for what is needed now include reform of school admissions and a broader definition of what we mean by success, one that goes beyond simple test and exam results. << /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << Educational disadvantage is demonstrated in many ways, most often in poor levels of participation and achievement in the . /TT1 121 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /MC0 129 0 R The New Rights core aim for education was to improve standards through marketisation, which in turn required giving parents more choice over where their children went to school. 0000017863 00000 n /ExtGState << >> /Resources << /TT1 226 0 R >> << /Contents 261 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 0000003223 00000 n >> << >> To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. /ExtGState << /Resources << These dimensions underpin the curriculum and the ethos of the school. Popular schools havent expanded to accommodate all comers, as pure market advocates predicted, and failing schools have proved hard to close down. >> /Resources << /Contents 237 0 R /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] There are too many bad case studies, often academy chains, being passed around and places where people dont want to work.. >> /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << /Resources << >> endobj Created by: jocastle; Created on: 06-05-16 12:51; Educational Policy- 1988 Education Reform Act. School vouchers give families a greater level of flexibility. 46 0 obj endobj %PDF-1.4 /Parent 9 0 R /Count 10 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> 99 0 obj /Contents 239 0 R >> << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R >> /Contents 219 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << This thesis reports on research that explored the impact of the Education Reform Act (ERA) (1988) on the provision of Physical Education (PE) and sport in state schools within one Local Education Authority (LEA) in England. /Properties << /Contents 130 0 R /Font << In that situation, the children of the poor are most likely to suffer.. >> /Contents 263 0 R /TT1 226 0 R 80 0 obj << /Parent 14 0 R /Properties << /Font << >> 67 0 obj /Rotate 0 /ExtGState << >> << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << /Resources << Meanwhile, there is growing concern about the unintended consequences of high-stakes accountability; off rolling pupils less likely to succeed, teaching to the test, manipulation of the curriculum and small but significant number of orphan schools that none of the new edu-providers want. 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