[81], The Union Flag was used as a flag of Australia until 1953, although the Australian blue ensign saw use as a governmental flag of Australia, and an informal national flag of the country since the early 20th century. [77] Non-government organisations may fly the Union Flag whenever they choose. Other possible changes include the abolition of the title of the United Kingdom, and the removal of the harp from the Royal Standard and the Coat of Arms, and the substitution of the Ulster emblem.[58]. A compromise was reached in which both flags were flown on official buildings. The Union Flag, also known as the Union Jack, is the flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. [79], There is no specific way in which the Union Flag should be folded as there is with the United States Flag. In South Africa, the Union Jacks flown alongside the National Flag between 1928 and 1957 were 2:3 flags. In 1801, King George proclaimed the new flag as the Union Flag. [38] The 3:5 version is most commonly used by the British Army and is sometimes known as the War flag. In March of 1899, Churchill wrote to his mother from India about her plans to produce a new trans-Atlantic magazine, to be called The Anglo-Saxon Review. The Queen's Harbour Master's flag, like the Pilot Jack, is a 1:2 flag that contains a white-bordered Union Flag that is longer than 1:2. The arguments between the two grew more heated as time passed, until finally Brian left home because of them. [100][102][103], Some specifically flew the Union Flag and the colonial flag of Hong Kong, nostalgic of the "values" of the previous colonial government, namely "personal freedoms, rule of law, [and] clean governance". The Court of the Lord Lyon, which has legal jurisdiction in heraldic matters in Scotland, confirms that the Union Jack "is the correct flag for all citizens and corporate bodies of the United Kingdom to fly to demonstrate their loyalty and their nationality. [90] British maritime flags were used by New Zealand vessels until 1865, with the passage of the Colonial Naval Defence Act. There are various theories as to how it became known as the ‘Union Jack’. Newfoundland retained the use of the Union Flag as the official flag of the province after it joined Canadian confederation in 1949. The flag of the Municipal Council of Shanghai International Settlement in 1869 contained multiple flags to symbolize the countries have participated in the creation and management of this enclave in the Chinese city of Shanghai. The full meaning of the term "Union Jack" may therefore truly be construed as the Union of Jacob. A Reading Comprehension to be used after a CLIL lesson on Geography. [99], The use of foreign flags at the protests, including the Union Flag, has been cited multiple times by the central government of China as evidence for their claim that foreign interference is steering the protests in Hong Kong against the central government. On 30 November, (St Andrew's Day), the Union Flag can be flown in Scotland only where a building has more than one flagpole—on this day the Saltire will not be lowered to make way for the Union Flag if there is only one flagpole. No unique name was given to it during the royal proclamation. A different style of the Union flag appears again in another cartoon by Gillray. Ultimately, when the British home secretary was asked on 7 December 1922 (the day after the Irish Free State was established) whether the Garter King of Arms was "to issue any Regulations with reference to the national flag consequent to the passing of the Irish Free State Constitution Act", the response was no and the flag has never been changed. Image based on the reproduction of Draft C published in “Perrin” plate IV. If you look closely at the flag, you’ll notice that it’s actually not … Why is the British Flag Called the Union Jack? It comprises of three flags - England, Scotland, and St Patricks (representing Ireland) After Queen Elizabeth I of England died in 1603, King James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne and became King James I of England. To remove all reference to Ireland from the present Union Jack and Royal Arms would be vastly more expensive.[57]. The Union Jack has been the paramount ensign of Britain and her company of nations ever since the period of their phenomenal worldwide expansion. Notably, the home nation of Wales is not represented separately in the Union Flag, as the concept of a standardised national flag was not fully developed at the time of the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 integrating Wales into the Kingdom of England. When statically displayed, the hoist is on the observer's left. At first glance, the Union Jack might look like it has a symmetrical design. The current flag has a dark navy blue which traces its origin from the Royal Navy’s Blue Squadron. According to Lord Lyon, the Union Jack is the right flag for the people and the corporate bodies of the UK. [20] Reinforcing the distinction the King's proclamation of the same day concerning the arms and flag of the United Kingdom (not colours at sea) called the new flag "the Union Flag". and in King George III's proclamation of 1 January 1801 concerning the arms and flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland: And that the Union Flag shall be Azure, the Crosses Saltires of St. Andrew and St. Patrick Quarterly per Saltire, counterchanged Argent and Gules; the latter fimbriated of the Second, surmounted by the Cross of St. George of the Third, fimbriated as the Saltire : ...[18], When the first flag representing Britain was introduced on the proclamation of King James I in 1606,[19] it became known simply as the "British flag" or the "flag of Britain". The Union Jack, or Union Flag, is the flag of the United Kingdom. As the two flags had to be the same size, it meant that the Union Jack was made in the ratio 2:3 rather than the usual 1:2. [72], In July 2007, then-Prime Minister Gordon Brown unveiled plans to have the Union Flag flown more often from government buildings. Union Jack History continued In March 1603 Queen Elizabeth I of England died without an heir, leaving the succession open. The flag is worn at the masthead of a ship as an indication of the presence of an Admiral of the Fleet. Union Jack History. The cross of England’s patron saint had developed as a national symbol of England from 1277 onward and was borne on armour, clothing and small flags. This development sparked design contests with entries from all over the world. There was some speculation on the matter in British dominions also, with one New Zealand paper reporting that: ...the removal of the cross of St. Patrick Cross after 120 years will transform the appearance of the flag. Probably it will be found that the deletion is not absolutely necessary. [54], On 17 April 1707, just two weeks prior to the Acts of Union coming into effect, and with Sir Henry St George, the younger, the Garter King of Arms, having presented several designs of flag to Queen Anne and her Privy Council for consideration, the flag for the soon to be unified Kingdom of Great Britain was chosen. Miss McCaul was determined that they should have the opportunity to do this and see London and all its sights. It may come from the 'jack-et' of the English or Scottish soldiers, or from the name of James I who originated the first union in 1603. [28], In the Chinese language, the flag has the nickname Rice-Character Flag (米字旗; Mandarin Pinyin: mǐzìqí, Cantonese Jyutping: mai5zi6kei4), since the pattern looks like the Chinese character for "rice" (米).[29]. The name ‘Union’ first appeared in 1625. The flag has been embroidered on various Reebok equipment as a mark of the brand's British origin,[114] and the Reebok Union Jack has been referred to as a brand icon. It tells the story of the Union Jack. The Cross of St. George was to be flown from the foremasts of the English ships, while the Cross of St. Andrew was to be flown form the foremasts of the Scottish ships. Lord Howe's action, or the Glorious First of June, painted in 1795, shows a Union flying from HMS Queen Charlotte on the "Glorious First of June" 1794. In 1606, it was combined with the cross saltire of … However, as Scotland voted against independence the issue did not arise.[65][66]. [5][6][note 2]. [26][27] In 2006, Sandra White, a Member of the Scottish Parliament, caused a furore when the term was used in a press release under her name. The flag also has official status in Canada, by parliamentary resolution, where it is known as the Royal Union Flag. Battle scene from Ray Wenban's The Revolt at Eureka. The error had been spotted by readers of the BBC News website who had contacted the BBC after seeing a photograph of the event.[37]. The result was the Union Jack. The Union Flag, or Union Jack, is the national flag of the United Kingdom. There’s a rumour that it’s not actually called the Union Jack. The Union Jack The term "Jack" was applied in deference to King James, the Latin form of which is Jacobus, the equivalent in Hebrew being Jacob. It is often displayed upside down inadvertently—even on commercially-made hand waving flags. [99], However, the meaning behind the use of the foreign flags by pro-democracy protestors, including the Union Flag, remains disputed with protestors citing a variety of reasons for flying it. [82] From 1911 to 1956, schools in South Australia were required to fly the Union Jack for the "national salute". It is so called because it combines the crosses of the three countries united under one Sovereign - the kingdoms of England and Wales, of Scotland and of Ireland (although since 1921 only Northern Ireland has been part of the United Kingdom). Bicentennial celebrations, it was in … Naval ships will fly the white ensign, merchant and private boats can fly the red ensign, others with special permission such as naval yacht clubs can fly the blue ensign. [22] This fimbriation is repeated for symmetry on the white portion of the saltire, which thereby appears wider than the red portion. The flag is mounted on warships and submarines commissioned by the Royal Navy and also on air force vessels. Some of the common national symbols include the national flag, national personification known as Britannia, National animals (Bulldog and Lion), Royal Court of Arms of the United Kingdom, national motto, and the national anthem. Jack comes from the Latin for James, Jacobus. [86] The Union Flag remained as Canada's official flag until 1965; although from the late-19th century to 1965, the Canadian Red Ensign was also used as an informal flag of Canada. Miss McCaul was determined that they should have the opportunity to do this and see London and all its sights. The continued use of the Union Jack as national flag became an issue in the 1920s, when the government proposed to introduce a National Flag of the Union. [100] Several Hongkongers that hold British National (Overseas) passports who used the flag during the protests were doing so as a call to the British government to grant British National (Overseas) the right to abode in the United Kingdom. Image based on the reproduction of Draft C published in “Perrin” plate IV. What happened on this day in history. The flag of the Province of British Columbia, Canada, The flag of the Province of Ontario, Canada, The flag of the Province of Manitoba, Canada, The flag of the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, The flag of the British Indian Ocean Territory, The flag of the United States (1775–1777) later named the Grand Union Flag, The flag of the United States of the Ionian Islands (1815–1864), The flag of the Tamatave Kingdom (1822–1828), The flag of the Cook Islands Federation (1893–1901), The flag of British Heligoland (1807–1890), 1943 version of the flag of Malta until 1964, 1957 version of the Canadian civil ensign, used until 1965, The flag of British Trinidad and Tobago (1958–1962), Oranje-blanje-blou, or the flag of South Africa (1928–1994), The flag of Dominion of Newfoundland (1907-1931). The Union will also appear in the crossover event called King in Black alongside other well known comic … David Prothero, 13 June 2005. image by Željko Heimer, 28 September 2019. Civilian use is permitted on land, but use of the unmodified flag at sea is restricted to military vessels. Then the badge is incorporated in their police flag. The Union Flag is flown at half mast from the announcement of the death of the Sovereign (save for Proclamation Day), or upon command of the Sovereign. The Union Jack (also Union flag, union jack) is regarded as the official flag of the United Kingdom, although technically no law to that effect has ever been passed. Jason Kenney, PC, MP, Secretary of State (Multiculturalism and Canadian Identity) on Commonwealth Day", "UNION JACK - discussion on BBC Broadcasting House", The World’s Most Expensive Union Jack Sells For £384K, "Union Jack: Do You Know The Correct Way Up? The Union Jack was used by the United States in its first flag, the Grand Union Flag. The national flag of the UK is famously called the Union Jack or the Union Flag. It will certainly become a flag under which great victories were won in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, but to most minds the sentimental loss will be great. The pre-1801 Union Flag also sees limited use by private organizations, most notably the United Empire Loyalists Association of Canada.[104]. Newfoundland and Labrador uses a flag that was derived from the Union Flag, with the Union Jack serving as the flag of Newfoundland until 1980. From early in its life the Admiralty itself frequently referred to the flag as the Union Jack, whatever its use, and in 1902 an Admiralty circular announced that Their Lordships had decided that either name could be used officially. The blazon for the old union flag, to be compared with the current flag, is azure, the cross saltire of St Andrew argent surmounted by the Cross of St George gules, fimbriated of the second. The flag is also flown beside Customs House in Loftus Street, Sydney, to mark the approximate location at which Captain Phillip first raised the Union Jack, and claimed New South Wales in 1788. Shortly afterwards, the Germans released photographs showing Brian and his best friend Roger Aubrey with Hitl… The day of the prorogation of a Session of the Houses of Parliament, This page was last edited on 15 December 2020, at 18:40. The word Jack was used before the 17th century as a description for the maritime bow flag. Union Jack History continued. This is due to different specifications for different types of media (for example, screen and print). Thus, there is a correct side up. In 1606 the first Union Flag appeared. [32] In the 19th century, the Union flag was defined by the same blazon but could vary in its geometrical proportions. The HBC jack is no longer in use and replaced with a corporate flag featuring the company's coat of arms. Der Union Jack ist eine Überlagerung der englischen Flagge (rotes Kreuz auf weißem Grund, das sogenannte Georgskreuz), der schottischen Flagge (weißes Andreaskreuz auf blauem Grund) und der nordirischen Flagge (rotes Andreaskreuz auf weißem Hintergrund, das sogenannte Patrickskreuz).. Farben. This could imply that there was still some use of a Scottish variant before the addition of the cross of St Patrick to the Union Flag in 1801.[50]. Commonly the Union Flag is used on computer software and Internet pages as an icon representing a choice of the English language where a choice among multiple languages may be presented to the user, though the American flag is also commonly used for this purpose. The pennant flying on Britannia's boat in this 1793 James Gillray cartoon is considerably different from the present flag. Normal practice for British ships is to fly the White ensign (Royal Navy), the Red ensign (Merchant and private boats) or the Blue ensign (government departments and public corporations). Whether the term Union Jack applies only when used as a jack flag on a ship is a matter of debate. As former British Empire nations were granted independence, these and other versions of the Union Flag were decommissioned. Rows of Union flags line each side of The Mall, London. Because the Union Flag is not symmetric, many people unknowingly hang it upside down - so here's a handy guide, read on. [86] However, on the following day, the Canadian parliament passed another resolution that designated the Union Flag as the Royal Union Flag, and authorized its official use as the symbol of the country's membership in the Commonwealth of Nations, and its allegiance to the Crown. The new design added a red saltire, the cross of Saint Patrick, for Ireland. A YouGov poll showed less than half of the UK population knows the history or even how to correctly fly the Union Flag … which may also be called the Union Jack. The Bill sought to formalise the position of the Union Flag as the national flag of the UK in law, to remove legal obstacles to its regular display and to officially recognise the name 'Union Jack' as having equal status with 'Union Flag'. The use of the Union Flag on land by the civilians has been permitted, but the use at sea has been restricted to only the military. Union Nationality and Flags Act 1927 (renamed 'Flags Act 1927' in 1949). Union Jack at crossing sends mixed message - Ottawa - CBC News", "Flags of New Zealand Page 3 - Union Jack", "Italian beach operators hoist British flag in protest at EU law", "Flag-waving Grandma Wong gives Hong Kong protesters lesson in endurance", "Colonial nostalgia rules in Hong Kong as young refuse to accept China's authority", "Explainer: The conflicting messages behind protesters' use of the colonial Hong Kong flag", "Are Hong Kong protesters pro-American or British when they wave the US and UK flags? Few flags are as recognizable as the Union Jack, the national flag of the United Kingdom. Unauthorised use of the flag in the 17th century to avoid paying harbour duties – a privilege restricted to naval ships – caused James's successor, Charles I, to order that use of the flag on naval vessels be restricted to His Majesty's ships "upon pain of Our high displeasure. The flag of the Chilean city of Coquimbo features the Union Jack, owing to its historical commercial links to Britain. [90] After which, vessels of the New Zealand government used a defaced blue ensign issued by the colonial government. James VI of Scotland had inherited the English and Irish thrones in 1603 as James I, thereby uniting the crowns of England, Scotland, and Ireland in a personal union, although the three kingdoms remained separate states. The New York Times reported that on 22 January 1922: At the College of Arms it was stated that certain modifications were under consideration and that if any action were taken it would be done by the King in Council. [20], It is often stated that a flag upside down is a form of distress signal or even a deliberate insult. In the former International Settlement of Kulangsu the Kulangsu Municipal Police had a badge contained multiple flags, including the Union Flag. It was later blamed on the actions of a researcher, who resigned yet claimed that the comment had been approved by White. England and Scotland now shared the same monarch under what was known as a union of the crowns.".

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